chemistry

• Element


  Substance that contains only one type of atom
• Compound


  Substance that consists of two or more different elements chemically bonded together
• Mixture


  Contains two or more substances that are not chemically joined and can be easily separated.
• Soluble


  A substance that dissolves (in water)
• Insoluble


  A substance that does not dissolve (in water)
• Solute


  A solid that dissolves
• Solvent


  The liquid in which the solute dissolves
• Solution


  A mixture containing a solute dissolved in a solvent
• Miscible


  Liquids that mix together (e.g. alcohol and water)
• Immiscible


  Liquids that do not mix together (e.g. oil and water)
• Filtrate


  Solution obtained by filtration
• Residue


  Solid remaining in filter paper after filtration
• Chromatography


  Separation of components of a mixture based on differences in solubility in a solvent.
• Ductile


  Can be drawn into wires
• Malleable


  Can be hammered into shape
• Sonorous


  Makes a ringing sound when struck
• Melting point


  Temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid on heating.
• Boiling point


  Temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas on heating.
• Group


  Vertical column on the Periodic Table
• Period


  Horizontal row on the Periodic Table
• Sublimation


  Change of state from a solid directly to a gas (or a gas directly to a solid) e.g. carbon dioxide, iodine.
• Evaporation


  The change from a liquid to a gas below its boiling point
• Condensing


  The change of state from a gas to a liquid on cooling
• Freezing


  The change of state from a liquid to a solid on cooling
• Melting


  The change of state from a solid to a liquid on heating
• Boiling


  The change of state from a liquid to a gas on heating
• Plum Pudding Model


  positive sphere with negaitve electrons embedded in it

  
• Saturated solution


  one in which no more solute will dissolve at that temperature
• Atomic number


  the number of protons in an

  atom
• Mass number


  the total number of protons and

  neutrons in an atom
• Relative atomic mass (RAM)

  the mass of the atom compared with that of the carbon-12 isotope, which has a mass of exactly 12
• Mole


  Avogardo's number of particles
• a base


  a metal oxide or hydroxide which

  neutralises an acid to produce a salt and water
• Alkali


  a soluble base
• neutralisation


  the reaction between the hydrogen ions in an acid and the hydroxide ions in an alkali to produce water

  H ( aq ) +OH ( aq ) →H2O( l )
• alloy


  a mixture of two or more elements, at least one of which is a metal. The resulting mixture has metallic properties.
• ion


  a charged particle formed when

  an atom gains or loses electrons
• cation


  a positive ion
• anion


  a negative ion
• a molecule


  two or more atoms covalently bonded