C1

• simple distillation

  • evaporate mixture by heating it
  • dissolved solid then vaporises
  • vapours condense in the condenser
  • the dissolved solid then flows into the beaker and liquid stays in the flask
• group 1 metal + water

  metal + water = metal hydroxide + hydrogen
• what is the plum pudding model?

  Thomson's atomic model proposing that atoms are composed of positively charged matter with negatively charged electrons embedded within it.
• what did John Newlands periodic table look like?

  order of increasing atomic mass - every 8th element reacted in a similar way
• describe the reaction of the first three group 1 metals and water

  1. water reacts with lithium - reaction is fast and its fizzing and bubbling
  2. water reacts with sodium - very fast and gas is produced
  3. water reacts with potassium - extremely fast and there is small flame
  4. in all reactions the water turns alkaline
• what did rutherford discover through the gold sheet experiment?

  the atom is almost empty space with a tiny, dense , positively-charged nucleus - nucleur model