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    Cards (50)

    • Stable Ion with a two plus charge

      An element which is in group two of the periodic table
    • The least reactive element in period 3 is a noble gas, which is argon
    • Chlorine is used in water treatment to kill microorganisms
    • The main impurity in iron ore is silicon
    • Calcium carbonate is added to react with the silicon dioxide impurity to form slag
    • Phosphorus is an important component in fertilizers
    • Group 1 metals are stored under oil to prevent reaction with water
    • Aluminum is used in food containers because it is light and good at keeping air out
    • Sulfur is found in zinc blende
    • Reaction of calcium with water to form calcium hydroxide
      Calcium + Water → Calcium Hydroxide + Hydrogen
    • Calcium oxide also reacts with water to form calcium hydroxide
    • Weakly alkaline
      pH between 8 and 10
    • The ion responsible for making the solution alkaline is OH-
    • Lime water is used to test for carbon dioxide
    • Making a sample of lime water
      Add excess solid calcium hydroxide to water and filter out the excess
    • The reason for adding excess solid calcium hydroxide is to ensure a saturated solution
    • Testing for calcium ions in lime water
      Add aqueous sodium hydroxide, which will displace the calcium to form a white precipitate of calcium hydroxide
    • Buret
      The apparatus used to measure the volume of acid in a titration
    • Neutralization
      The type of reaction that takes place in the titration
    • An indicator must be added to the conical flask to determine when the solution is neutralized
    • Determining the concentration of calcium hydroxide in lime water
      Calculate the moles of HCl in 20 cm3 of 0.05 M HCl
      2. Determine the moles of calcium hydroxide in 25 cm3 of lime water using the reaction equation
      3. Calculate the concentration of calcium hydroxide in mol/dm3
      4. Convert the concentration to g/dm3 using the molar mass of calcium hydroxide
    • Isotopes
      Atoms of the same element with the same proton number but different neutron number
    • Manganese has only one isotope
    • The nuclear number (mass number) of manganese is 55
    • Determining the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in the chromium(III) ion
      The proton number is 24
      2. The number of neutrons is 28 (mass number 52 - proton number 24)
      3. The number of electrons is 21 (proton number 24 - charge of 3+)
    • Transition elements

      • Form colored compounds
      2. Can act as catalysts
      3. Have variable oxidation states
    • Hydrated copper sulfate is blue, hydrated cobalt chloride is pink
    • Electrical conductivity of transition and group 1 metals
      Due to the presence of free moving, delocalized electrons
    • Copper sulfate
      When hydrated, it will be blue
    • Cobalt chloride
      When hydrated, it will be pink
    • Chemical properties of transition elements
      • Can act as a catalyst
      • Have variable oxidation states
    • Transition elements and group 1 elements are metals
    • Conducting electricity
      Requires free moving ions or electrons
    • Transition elements and group 1 elements conduct electricity because they have free moving, mobile electrons</b>
    • Malleable
      Describes a material which can be hammered into shape
    • Ductile
      Describes a material which can be made into wires
    • Physical properties of transition elements compared to group 1 elements
      • Higher density
      • Higher melting points
    • Fluorine
      Pale yellow gas
    • Determining molecular formula
      1. Calculate mass of sulfur
      2. Calculate mass of fluorine
      3. Divide masses by respective atomic masses to get number of atoms
      4. Molecular formula is S2F10
    • LiCl is a solid at room temperature
      Due to strong ionic bonding
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