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chemistry O’level
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Created by
Sohila Waleed
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Cards (50)
Stable Ion with a
two
plus charge
An element which is in
group
two of the
periodic
table
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The least reactive element in period 3 is a
noble
gas, which is
argon
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Chlorine
is used in water treatment to kill
microorganisms
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The main impurity in iron ore is
silicon
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Calcium carbonate
is added to react with the silicon dioxide impurity to form
slag
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Phosphorus
is an important component in
fertilizers
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Group 1 metals are stored under
oil
to prevent reaction with
water
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Aluminum
is used in
food containers
because it is light and good at keeping air out
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Sulfur
is found in
zinc
blende
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Reaction of calcium with water to form calcium hydroxide
Calcium
+ Water →
Calcium Hydroxide
+ Hydrogen
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Calcium oxide also reacts with
water
to form
calcium hydroxide
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Weakly alkaline
pH between
8
and
10
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The ion responsible for making the solution
alkaline
is
OH-
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Lime water
is used to test for
carbon dioxide
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Making a sample of
lime water
Add excess solid
calcium hydroxide
to water and
filter
out the excess
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The reason for adding excess solid
calcium hydroxide
is to ensure a
saturated
solution
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Testing for calcium ions in lime water
Add aqueous
sodium hydroxide
, which will displace the calcium to form a
white precipitate
of calcium hydroxide
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Buret
The apparatus used to measure the volume of
acid
in a
titration
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Neutralization
The type of
reaction
that takes place in the
titration
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An indicator must be added to the conical flask to determine when the solution is neutralized
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Determining the concentration of calcium hydroxide in lime water
Calculate the moles of HCl in 20 cm3 of 0.05 M HCl
2. Determine the moles of calcium hydroxide in
25
cm3 of lime water using the
reaction
equation
3. Calculate the concentration of calcium hydroxide in mol/dm3
4. Convert the concentration to g/dm3 using the
molar mass
of calcium hydroxide
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Isotopes
Atoms of the same element with the same
proton
number but different
neutron
number
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Manganese has only one isotope
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The nuclear number (mass number) of manganese is 55
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Determining the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in the chromium(III) ion
The proton number is
24
2. The number of neutrons is
28
(mass number 52 - proton number
24
)
3. The number of electrons is
21
(proton number
24
- charge of 3+)
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Transition
elements
Form colored compounds
2. Can act as
catalysts
3. Have variable
oxidation
states
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Hydrated copper sulfate is blue, hydrated cobalt chloride is pink
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Electrical conductivity of transition and group 1 metals
Due to the presence of free moving, delocalized electrons
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Copper sulfate
When hydrated, it will be
blue
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Cobalt chloride
When hydrated, it will be
pink
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Chemical properties of transition elements
Can act as a
catalyst
Have variable
oxidation
states
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Transition elements and group
1
elements are
metals
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Conducting electricity
Requires free moving
ions
or
electrons
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Transition elements and group 1 elements conduct
electricity
because they have
free moving
, mobile electrons</b>
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Malleable
Describes a material which can be
hammered
into shape
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Ductile
Describes a material which can be made into
wires
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Physical properties of transition elements compared to group 1 elements
Higher density
Higher melting points
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Fluorine
Pale yellow gas
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Determining molecular formula
1. Calculate mass of
sulfur
2. Calculate mass of
fluorine
3. Divide masses by respective
atomic
masses to get number of atoms
4. Molecular formula is
S2F10
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LiCl
is a solid at
room temperature
Due to
strong ionic
bonding
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