research into living conditions led to tackle public health

• Who was James Phillips Kay?

  Doctor who worked at the Ancoats Dispensary.

  • Published "The Moral and Physical Condition of the Working Classes Employed in the Cotton Manufacture in Manchester."
  • Blamed overcrowding for disease prevalence during the 1832 cholera outbreak.
• What was the significance of James Phillips Kay's report?

  Highlighted the connection between overcrowding and disease in Ancoats.

  • Contributed to the "Condition of England Question" and inspired social reformers like Elizabeth Gaskell and Charles Dickens.
  • Influenced the 1834 Poor Law Amendment Act and the 1848 Public Health Act.
• Who was Owen Chadwick?

  Social reformer focused on the Poor Law and workhouses in the 1830s.

  • Investigated the role of disease in poverty.
  • Concluded that better ventilation and sewerage were needed to combat disease.
• What were the key findings of Owen Chadwick's research?

  His 1842 report, "The Sanitary Conditions of the Labouring Population," highlighted the need for better living conditions.

  • Contributed to the passage of the 1848 Public Health Act.
  • Found that 57% of working-class children in Ancoats died by age five.
• Who was Friedrich Engels?

  German social commentator who worked at a mill in Manchester.

  • Published "The Condition of the Working Class in England."
  • Described conditions in Ancoats as "Hell on Earth."
• What was the impact of Friedrich Engels' work?

  Criticized factory owners and poor living conditions.

  • Estimated mortality rates in Manchester were four times higher than in rural areas.
  • Influenced public debate on public health reform.
  • Prompted immediate action by Manchester council to address sanitation issues in Ancoats.