science m8 source pf energy

• Exhaustible energy sources are those that cannot be replaced once they are used. There are basically two classifications of exhaustible energy sources: fossil fuels and nuclear fuels. These energy sources are being utilized at 90 percent of our present energy sources. Major uses include transportation, heat, light and industrial power.
• Fossil fuels are deposits of coal, petroleum (oil), and natural gas found underground. When we use these fuels, we are actually using the sun's energy that was stored in plants and animals millions of years ago.
• COAL. Solid, combustible (burnable) substance that is brown to black in color obtained through mining operations. Coal is the most abundant fossil fuel. Coal reserves could last 500 years at our present rate of use. Today, coal is mainly used to fuel electrical power plants. These power plants use three-quarters of all the coal mined
• OIL (PETROLEUM). Most common petroleum products are gasoline and diesel fuel. Many homes and large buildings use oil as an energy source for heating. Oil can be used also to generate electricity. These uses, plus its use in transportation, have made oil the world's most important fuel.
• NATURAL GAS. Mixture of several types of gases: ethane, propane, butane and methane. Widely used for cooking and for heating homes. It consists mostly of methane and is found near oil deposits below Earth’s surface. Natural gas can be pumped out through the same wells used for extracting crude oil.
• . Uranium is the most commonly used nuclear fuel. Uranium is a heavy substance that is found in many metal ores. There are two basic types of uranium, called isotopes. One of these isotopes, uranium-235 (U-235) is rare. The other isotope, uranium-238 (U-238), provides the basic fuel for nuclear reactors. Uranium ore are obtained through mining. At processing plants, the uranium is separated from the ore. At other plants, the uranium is separated into U-235 and U-238
• . Plutonium is another substance that can be used to power nuclear reactors. If the breeder reactor became widely used, the energy available from our uranium supplies would increase sharply. It would then be about three to four times the energy available from our coal reserves. Breeder reactor uses uranium - 238 as its fuel. This type of reactor converts uranium-238 into plutonium.
• RENEWABLE ENERGY Those that can be used indefinitely if they are properly managed and maintained. Wood and plants are renewable sources of energy.
• GASOHOL. A mixture of nine-tenths unleaded gasoline and one-tenth ethyl alcohol. It is used as a substitute for gasoline in cars and trucks. By using gasohol, we can save 10 percent of the oil needed to produce gasoline. Sources of ethyl alcohol include sugar beets, and grain. At distilleries, these crops are processed into alcohol. The alcohol is then mixed with gasoline
• METHANOL OR METHYL ALCOHOL is a clean-burning liquid fuel. It can be made from natural gas and coal. These sources are non-renewable. However, methanol can also be made from renewable sources. These sources include wood, plants and waste products from homes, farms and industry.
• BIOMASS: Bioconversion is the process of obtaining energy from society's waste products. There are many sources of waste biomass: food product waste, animal waste, paper, cardboard and wood. All of these can either be burned or converted into fuels such as alcohol, oil and methane. Bioconversion, however, is not a very efficient process. This energy source may add to other sources. It will also help us dispose other unwanted waste
• WOOD is one of our oldest sources of energy. Wood is used for cooking and heating. In pioneer days, wood was one of the major sources of energy. Coal and oil later replaced it. As an energy source, wood has one major disadvantage. It is not a clean-burning fuel. It creates high levels of air pollution.
• SOLAR ENERGY Can be used directly or indirectly. It can provide both heating and electricity. Solar panels are devices that collect solar energy to heat water. The hot water is then used directly in homes or industry. It may also be used to heat houses, office buildings and factories.
• Hydroelectric energy is simply electrical energy produced from flowing water. Rain and snow sustain our streams, rivers, lakes and oceans. Reservoirs are built to trap the water. As water drains from a reservoir, it flows through a sluice (water way or tunnel). A water turbine is at the end of the sluice. This turbine is a wheel that is driven by the flow of water. The rotating turbine drives the generator that produces electricity
• . GEOTHERMAL ENERGY Heat that is generated within the Earth. It is a renewable resource that can be harvested for human use. Magma heats nearby rocks and underground aquifers. Hot water can be released through geysers, hot springs, steam vents, underwater hydrothermal vent, etc.
• WIND ENERGY Kinetic energy produced by the movement of air, able to be converted to mechanical power. It is created using a wind turbine, a device that channels the power of the wind to generate electricity.
• Hydrogen is used as a clean-burning fuel, leading to fewer pollutants and a cleaner environment. We also use it for fuel cells. These are similar to batteries and are used to supply power to electric motors
• . TIDAL ENERGY With the movement of the tides, we get tidal energy when the kinetic energy of the water movement converts into electrical energy. Of course, this is one of the location-specific sources of energy, but it’s very effective. Tidal energy is renewable and produces large amounts of energy even with low-speed tides.
• . WAVE ENERGY is an alternative energy source derived from waves as they move across the water. Wave energy uses electricity generators placed on the ocean’s surface. Wave height, wavelength, wave speed, and water density determine the energy output. Wave energy is environmentally friendly, renewable, and harmless to the atmosphere.