Socialistaion

• Primary socialisation


  Our family teaches us basic norms and values, one-way children learn from their parents is through imitation
• Imitation in primary socialisation


  • Copying the way their parents talk
  • Copying their table manners
• Children see parents as role models


  Children model their behaviour
• Children learn what's acceptable and unacceptable


  Through trial and error
• Parents


  • Apply sanctions to behaviour
  • Show us what is desirable or not
• Family


  • Contributes to our identity
  • How we learn our gender, social class and ethnic identities
• Ann Oakley: 'Gender roles are socially constructed through socialisation'
• Gender socialisation by families

  In two ways
• Secondary socialisation (Nurture)


  • Peer group
  • Education
  • Media
  • Religion
  • Workplace
• Peer group


  • An individual will learn a lot about acceptable behaviour and the desire to fit in (conformity)
  • Peer groups often have leaders and followers
  • Youth subcultures have goths, emo's and punks who share norms and values and influence each other to resist the norms and values of a wider society
• Peer groups


  Regulate acceptable behaviour for girls and boys at a young age
• Education


  • Overlaps with peer groups
  • Formal curriculum based on the culture of society and its values
  • Informal curriculum (hidden curriculum) teaches alternative norms and values
• Hidden curriculum


  • Teaches us about our place in society by how they interact with others
  • Gets you ready to accept your place in society and not question anything (Marxist view)
  • Helps people to fit into society (Functionalist view)
• Media


  • The most important source of secondary socialisation
  • Socialises our representation of social groups
  • Creates a consumer culture
• Religion


  Importance has declined in the UK, but many norms and values are still based on the Christian religion
• Workplace


  • Key agent of socialisation for adults
  • Formal socialisation - learning codes and conduct
  • Informal socialisation - learning how to interact with colleagues and form friendships
• Re-socialisation


  New sets of norms and values individuals will need to learn when starting a new job
• Canteen culture


  Those who are re-socialised to accept certain behaviours, so they become the norm