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NSG-320 Adult Health Nursing 1
MedSurg Final
Topic 13 Inflammation, Immune, HIV
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Cards (68)
What bacteria is part of the normal flora of the large intestine?
Escherichia coli.
What is an example of a Zoonotic infection?
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (
SARS
).
How is hepatitis C transmitted?
Blood.
Any infection that spreads throughout the body, often via blood, is termed what kind of infection?
Systemic
infection.
What is mycosis?
Fungal
infection.
What are examples of mycotic infections?
Thrush
,
tinea pedis
,
tinea corporis.
If someone has mononucleosis, what virus would be expected?
Epstein-Barr
virus and possibly
Burkitt
lymphoma.
What bacteria is a common cause of UTIs?
E. coli.
What kinds of bacteria are common culprits of healthcare associated infections?
Escherichia
coli, staphylococcus
aureus
,
enterobacter
aerogenes.
What antibiotic is prescribed for someone iwth streptococcus pneumoniae?
Ceftriaxone
because
penicillin
is resistant.
What antibiotic is prescribed for enterococcus faecium?
Daptomycin
because it is resistant to
gentamicin
,
vancomycin
, and
streptyomycin.
Is age a risk factor for infection?
Yes..
What is a weird condition that can increase the risk for COVID-19?
Down syndrome.
What diseases can happen due to mycobacterial infections?
Tuberculosis
(Mycobacterium tuberculosis),
leprosy
or
Hansen
disease (Mycobacterium leprae).
If someone has an Klebsiella pneumonia infection, what kind of antibiotic is this resistant to?
Carbapenems
like
imipenem
or
meropenem.
What are fungal organisms that affect the skin?
Trichophyton
,
microsporum
, epidermophyton.
What antibiotic is usually given for infections that are resistant to penicillin?
Ceftriaxone.
What are symptoms of a viral cold or flu?
Cold
,
sore
throat, and
runny
nose.
What infections require droplet precautions?
Infections spread by coughing, talking, sneezing like
influenza
and
bacterial
meningitis.
What infections are airborne precautions?
Tuberculosis
,
measels
,
chicken
pox (
varicella
).
What infections are contact precautions?
MRSA
,
VRE
,
C. diff.
What is an emerging infection?
New infectious diseases or known diseases that are increasing in
incidence
or
geographic
range.
What are examples of emerging infections?
West nile
fever,
swine
flu,
HIV
infection.
What are reemerging infections?
Diseases that were once
under control
but are now
increasing
in incidence.
What are examples of reemerging infections?
Pertussis
and
tuberculosis.
What are examples of diseases that warrant airborne precautions?
Tuberculosis
and
rubeola.
What bacteria is syphilis caused by?
Treponema pallidum.
What medication is used to treat staphylococcus aureus?
Vancomycin.
Gentamycin, penicillin G, and ampicillin are ineffective.
What bacteria causes toxic shock syndrome?
Staphylococcus
aureus.
In early stages of HIV infection, which cells protect the body from infection?
T
cells.
What are opportunistic infections for patients with AIDS?
Candidiasis of
bronchi
, toxoplasmosis of the
brain
, and
Mycobacterium avium complex
(MAC).
HIV destroys
CD4+T cells
and depletes your immune system.
Immune problems start at what level of CD4+ T cells?
When the T cell count drops below
500
uL.
HIV goes from
RNA
to
DNA.
What are opportunistic cancers that can happen because of HIV?
Kaposi's
sarcoma,
Burkitt
lymphoma,
invasive
cervical cancer.
After sexually risky behavior for a HIV patient, when should they be retested?
In
4
-
6
weeks.
To monitor growth of HIV in prescribed antiretroviral drugs, what test is advised?
Phenotype
assay since this helps determine the correct dosage of
ART
for the patient.
What are signs that antiretroviral therapy is working for a patient with AIDS?
90% drop in
viral
load and
CD4
+
T cell
count above
14
%.
How is HIV progression monitored?
CD4
count and
viral
load.
What are the diagnostic criteria for AIDS?
CD4 count below
200
, presence of specific opportunistic
infections
, presence of an opportunistic
cancer
,
wasting
syndrome, and
dementia.
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