Topic 13 Inflammation, Immune, HIV

Cards (68)

  • What bacteria is part of the normal flora of the large intestine?
    Escherichia coli.
  • What is an example of a Zoonotic infection?
    Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS).
  • How is hepatitis C transmitted?
    Blood.
  • Any infection that spreads throughout the body, often via blood, is termed what kind of infection?
    Systemic infection.
  • What is mycosis?
    Fungal infection.
  • What are examples of mycotic infections?
    Thrush, tinea pedis, tinea corporis.
  • If someone has mononucleosis, what virus would be expected?
    Epstein-Barr virus and possibly Burkitt lymphoma.
  • What bacteria is a common cause of UTIs?
    E. coli.
  • What kinds of bacteria are common culprits of healthcare associated infections?
    Escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, enterobacter aerogenes.
  • What antibiotic is prescribed for someone iwth streptococcus pneumoniae?
    Ceftriaxone because penicillin is resistant.
  • What antibiotic is prescribed for enterococcus faecium?
    Daptomycin because it is resistant to gentamicin, vancomycin, and streptyomycin.
  • Is age a risk factor for infection?
    Yes..
  • What is a weird condition that can increase the risk for COVID-19?
    Down syndrome.
  • What diseases can happen due to mycobacterial infections?
    Tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis), leprosy or Hansen disease (Mycobacterium leprae).
  • If someone has an Klebsiella pneumonia infection, what kind of antibiotic is this resistant to?
    Carbapenems like imipenem or meropenem.
  • What are fungal organisms that affect the skin?
    Trichophyton, microsporum, epidermophyton.
  • What antibiotic is usually given for infections that are resistant to penicillin?
    Ceftriaxone.
  • What are symptoms of a viral cold or flu?
    Cold, sore throat, and runny nose.
  • What infections require droplet precautions?
    Infections spread by coughing, talking, sneezing like influenza and bacterial meningitis.
  • What infections are airborne precautions?
    Tuberculosis, measels, chicken pox (varicella).
  • What infections are contact precautions?
    MRSA, VRE, C. diff.
  • What is an emerging infection?
    New infectious diseases or known diseases that are increasing in incidence or geographic range.
  • What are examples of emerging infections?
    West nile fever, swine flu, HIV infection.
  • What are reemerging infections?
    Diseases that were once under control but are now increasing in incidence.
  • What are examples of reemerging infections?
    Pertussis and tuberculosis.
  • What are examples of diseases that warrant airborne precautions?
    Tuberculosis and rubeola.
  • What bacteria is syphilis caused by?
    Treponema pallidum.
  • What medication is used to treat staphylococcus aureus?
    Vancomycin. Gentamycin, penicillin G, and ampicillin are ineffective.
  • What bacteria causes toxic shock syndrome?
    Staphylococcus aureus.
  • In early stages of HIV infection, which cells protect the body from infection?
    T cells.
  • What are opportunistic infections for patients with AIDS?
    Candidiasis of bronchi, toxoplasmosis of the brain, and Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC).
  • HIV destroys CD4+T cells and depletes your immune system.
  • Immune problems start at what level of CD4+ T cells?
    When the T cell count drops below 500 uL.
  • HIV goes from RNA to DNA.
  • What are opportunistic cancers that can happen because of HIV?
    Kaposi's sarcoma, Burkitt lymphoma, invasive cervical cancer.
  • After sexually risky behavior for a HIV patient, when should they be retested?
    In 4 - 6 weeks.
  • To monitor growth of HIV in prescribed antiretroviral drugs, what test is advised?
    Phenotype assay since this helps determine the correct dosage of ART for the patient.
  • What are signs that antiretroviral therapy is working for a patient with AIDS?
    90% drop in viral load and CD4+ T cell count above 14%.
  • How is HIV progression monitored?
    CD4 count and viral load.
  • What are the diagnostic criteria for AIDS?
    CD4 count below 200, presence of specific opportunistic infections, presence of an opportunistic cancer, wasting syndrome, and dementia.