Unit 4 - Energy

• Resource


  anything that we used in, or obtained from the environment to meet a human need

  - nothing is a resource until you're extracting it for a human need

  - As "quality of life" increases so does resource use
• Use of Resources - MDC's


  - make up 15% of the population

  - use 70% of the world's energy and minerals
• Use of Resources - USA


  - 4.8% of population

  - 22% of GDP

  - 33% of ALL energy

  - 30% of all pollution releases
• Use of Resources - India


  - make up 18% of the population

  - use 5% of the world's energy
• Use of Resources - Canada


  - makes up 0.5% of the population

  - use 4% of the world's energy
• Units of Energy - Physics


  1 joule = dyne cm
• Units of Energy - Chemistry


  1 joule - calories
• Units of Energy - Nutrition


  1 joule = calories (kilocals)
• Units of Energy - Energy


  1 joule = British Thermal Unit (BTU)
• Units of Energy - Engineering


  1 joule = kilowatt hours
• Units of Energy - Economics


  1 joule = quads

  1 joule = exajoules (used in Canada)
• Energy Use Per Person - Canada


  239,000 kcal/person/day
• Energy Use Per Person - Northern Europe


  125,000 kcal/person/day
• Energy Use Per Person - India


  11,000 kcal/person/day
• The 7 Energy Sources for Humans


  1. Fire

  2. Animals

  3. Waterwheel

  4. Windmill

  5. Coal

  6. Oil

  7. Natural Gas
• Fire


  An energy source used ~ millions of years ago
• Animals


  An energy source used ~ 10,000 years ago
• Waterwheel


  An energy source used ~ 3,000-4,000 years ago
• Windmill


  An energy source used ~ 1,000 years ago
• Coal


  An energy source used ~ 150 years ago
• Oil


  An energy source used ~ 100 years ago
• Natural Gas


  An energy source used ~ 90 years ago
• Types of Resources


  1. Perpetual - sun

  2. Renewable - depleted in short run but will renew itself if it's not damaged

  3. Non-Renewable - fixed amount (oil) (some can be recycled/reused)
• Energy


  a force (F) that's applied to an object of mass (M) and the object will be observed to undergo acceleration (F=MxA)

  - basic unit of a force is kg/meter/sec (squared) called a newton (N)

  - ... is a product of a force (F), operating through a distance (D)

  - A newton over a M is the basic unit of ... called joules (J)
• Proven Reserves


  - oil that's drilled and brought up from the ground (FOUND)
• Unproven Reserves


  - when you think you found oil but haven't drilled it from the ground (hasn't been found yet)
• Fossil Fuel Supplies


  2016

  - Conventional Oil

  - Years of Supply: 52 years

  2020

  - Natural Gas

  - Years of Supply: 55 years

  - Coal

  - Years of Supply: 135 years
• Hard Path


  advocates support for the development of large power generating systems like coal and nuclear energy generating plants that we see springing up around the world

  - have us rely primarily on non-renewable energy sources
• Soft Path


  advocates the use of renewable resources and serious conservation programs

  - concentrate on including hydropower, solar heating, solar photovoltaics biomass, winds and tides

  - emphasizes the importance of the individual's ethical problems
• What must be done to reduce FF?


  1. The energy we get out of a resource shouldn't be exceeded by the energy we put into its exploration, extraction, transportation, refining, and marketing

  2. We must energy match, energy has a different quality from electricity to heat

  3. More efficient energy conversions

  4. Reduce pollution

  5. Ensure safety