Socialization

Cards (14)

  • Socialization
    the process where people internalize and learn their culture
    They do so by:
    - engaging in or disengaging from a role
    - becoming aware of themselves as they interact with others
  • Explicit Socialization
    purposeful, declarative, INSTRUCTION of social knowledge
  • Implicit Socialization
    automatic, unconscious TRANSMISSION of social knowledge
  • Primary Socialization
    the process of acquiring the basic skills needed to function in society, usually in the context of the family
    - language
    - basic rules of social interaction
    - limits of acceptable behavior
    - "don't hit," "share," " be nice"
  • Secondary Socialization
    explicit and implicit socialization that occurs outside the context of a child's primary social environment (which is usually the family)
  • Secondary Socialization at schools occurs via 2 distinct sources of social knowledge

    1. Authority Figures
    2. Peer Groups - groups of people who are similar in age and social status
    - within these groups, members collectively process and engage with the social knowledge they receive from primary socialization (and secondary socialization via authority figures)
  • Biological Determinism ('nature" limit position)

    genetics and the biological systems they produce is what gives people particular qualities:
    - temperament
    - intelligence
    - behavioral traits
  • Empiricism ("nurture" limit position)

    people's experiences are the reason for the way they develop
  • Problems with Testing Nature vs. Nurture Empirically
    - can't be tested experimentally
    - people's experiences are mixed up in the social world
  • Sources of Socialization
    - the most important source of socialization in early childhood, is face to face interactions with other people
    Other Sources Include:
    - Children's Literature
    - Mass Media
    - Social Media
  • Gender Socialization
    the process of learning and internalizing gender differentiation
  • Nature vs. Nurture Gender Debate

    Biological Determinism -> gender essentialism (NATURE)
    Empiricism + Social Construct (NURTURE)
  • Gender Essentialism
    the idea that differences between men and women are biologically based
    - Empirical evidence supports the idea that gender essentialism is always mixed up with gender socialization
  • Toddlerhood
    - gender socialization continues into toddlerhood
    - both the toys that children play with as toddlers and the activities they're enrolled in by their parents are differentiated by gender