Quarterly

• Berlin Conference

  • Decide how to divide territory for the 13 nations
  • Powers decided to break Africa to have one of their own is like accept trade, forbidden slave trade, etc.
• King Leopold

  • Explore Congo and conquer
  • Have slaves, torture them, fear, control
• Spheres of influence in China

  Established to make money for the European powers
• Treaty of Nanjing

  Ended the first Opium War, the first of the unequal treaties between China and foreign imperialist powers
• Causes of World War II

  • Treaty of Versailles: Germany's reparations
  • Rise of Fascism and Nazism
  • Appeasement Policy: The policy of appeasement pursued by Western powers, particularly Britain and France, in the face of aggressive actions by fascist regimes, which emboldened further aggression
  • Nationalism and Imperialism
• Fascism

  The political idea where the government controls everything
• Marshall Plan

  European Recovery Program, was a U.S. program providing aid to Western Europe following the devastation of World War II
• Truman Doctrine

  A policy which stated that the US would give aid to any country threatened by communism
• Warsaw Pact

  A military alliance between all of the communist east European countries, headed by the Soviet Union in 1955
• Japanese aggression in Manchuria

  Japan's invasion and occupation of the northeastern Chinese region of Manchuria in 1931, seeking to gain control over the area's resources and establish a puppet state
• Mikhail Gorbachev

  Last leader of the Soviet Union and wanted to modernize USSR
• British imperialism in India

  The British came to India for trade and to establish colonies, and also wanted to spread Christianity throughout the country
• The Salt March

  A nonviolent protest led by Mahatma Gandhi against the British salt monopoly in colonial India, where Gandhi and his followers marched to the Arabian Sea to produce their own salt from seawater, sparking widespread civil disobedience and highlighting the unjust colonial policies
• The Homespun Movement

  A form of protest against British colonial rule in India, where Indians boycotted British goods and instead started producing their own cloth, often using traditional spinning wheels in their homes, led by Mahatma Gandhi to promote self-reliance, economic independence, and undermine British economic control
• Munich Conference

  The leaders of Great Britain, France, and Italy allowed Nazi Germany to take over part of Czechoslovakia
• Formation of the United Nations

  The United Nations (UN) was formed in 1945 following the end of World War II, with the aim of preventing future global conflicts and promoting international cooperation