PURPCOM

• Purposive communication


  Communication that has a specific purpose or goal
• Principles of communication

  • Communication is purposive
  • Communication is continuous
  • Communication messages vary in conscious encoding
  • Communication is relational
  • Communication has ethical implications
  • Communication is learned
• Purposes of communication

  • Exchange information
  • Develop relationships
  • Influence others
• Culture

  Basically geographical or ethnic - the East and West, the majority and minority
• Ethnocentric bias


  Believing your culture is the benchmark of all others
• Cross-cultural communication


  Compares the communication styles and patterns of people from one nation to another
• Intercultural communication


  Compares the communication styles and patterns of people within a nation
• Dimensions of culture


  • Context
  • Collectivism & Individualism
  • Time
  • Conflict
• High context society

  • Relationships build slowly and depend on trust
  • Productivity depends on relationships and the group process
  • Nonverbal elements such as voice tone, gestures, facial expression and eye movement are significant
  • Verbal messages are indirect, and communication is seen as an art form or way of engaging someone
  • Space is communal, people stand close to each other and share the same space
  • Everything has its own time, and time is not easily scheduled
  • Change is slow, and time is a process that belongs to others and nature
  • Multiple sources of information is used, thinking proceeds from general to specific
• Low context society

  • Relationships begin and end quickly
  • Productivity depends on procedures and paying attention to the goal
  • Nonverbal elements are not significant
  • Verbal messages are explicit, and communication is seen as a way of exchanging information, ideas and opinions
  • Space is compartmentalized, privacy is important, so people stand farther apart
  • Events and tasks are scheduled and to be done at particular times
  • Change is fast, and time is a commodity to be spent or saved, one's time is one's own
  • One source of information is used, thinking proceeds from specific to general
• Collectivism


  Emphasizes the importance of your place in a system, places greater emphasis on the whole group, stresses common concerns, gives importance to the value of acting not for oneself but for the common good
• Individualism


  The interest of the individual prevails over the interest of the group, people look after themselves and immediate families, personal achievement is very important
• Conflict management styles

  • Dominating styles
  • Integrating styles
  • Compromising styles
  • Obliging style
  • Avoiding styles
• Masculine society


  Cultures that place high value on masculine traits stress assertiveness, competition, and material success
• Feminine society

  Cultures that place high value on feminine traits stress quality of life, interpersonal relationship and concern for the weak
• Uncertainty avoidance


  Fear of something unknown
• Task oriented societies


  Focus on making the team more competent through training and the use of up-to-date methods
• Socially oriented societies


  Focus more on collective concerns: cooperative problem solving and a friendly atmosphere
• Communication approach to intercultural communication

  • Personality strength
  • Communication skills
  • Psychological adjustment
  • Cultural awareness
• Barriers to intercultural communication

  • Anxiety
  • Assuming similarity instead of differences
  • Ethnocentrism
  • Stereotype and prejudice
• Monochronic people


  Do one thing at a time, concentrate on the job, take time commitment seriously
• Polychronic people


  Do many things at once, are easily distracted, consider time commitments casually
• Health


  A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity (WHO)
• Assessment


  A systematic, dynamic process by which nurse through interaction with client, significant others and healthcare providers collects and analyze data about the client
• Health Assessment


  The collection of data about the client's health status
• Health Assessment


  A plan of care that identifies the specific needs of a person and how those needs will be addressed by the health care system or skilled nursing faculty
• Health Assessment


  Includes the evaluation of health status by performing physical exam after taking a health history
• Components of Health Assessment

  • Health History
  • Physical Examination