ears and nose

• ears are sensory organ that function in hearing and equilibrium
• hearing OR auditory perception

  is the ability to perceive sound by detecting vibrations
• air condition is the primarily mechanism of hearing
• 3 PARTS OF THE EAR-

  External ear (pinna), Middle Ear, Inner Ear
• external ear (PINNA) external portion.

  external auditory canal 1 inch in(2.5-3cm) in length
• middle ear- external & middle ear separated by the tympanic membrane
• tympanic membrane (ear drum)Sound waves entering the auditory canal strike the membrane causing to vibrations
• eustachian or auditory tube- connect middle ear with nasopharynx
• inner ear- contains cochlea and vestibule
• cochlea- snail shaped organ that converts sound into nerve impulses
• auditory nerve (CN V111) carries the impulses auditory cortex in the TEMPORAL LOBE
• NORMAL SHAPE& PRESENCE OF LANDMARKS- helix, antihelix, antitragus,tragus& lobule
• darwinian tubercle- benign protrusion on upper part of helix
• a

  uricle/ pinna microtia (small)- ears less than 4 cm vertical height in adult
• microtia- ears greater than 10 cm vertical height in adult
• menieres disease - chronic disorder and dizziness, tinnitus & hearing loss permanent
• presebycusis- hearing loss to aging, common after the age of 50
• otorrhea- bloody discharge due to infection of the external ear
• lesion- skin cancer from sun
• cysts- produced in a skin gland faster they can be released from the gland
• drainage - earwax, cerumen normal drainage
• otoscope- visualize teb eardrum & external ear canal
• normal (ear) - soft&pliable,non-tender
• weber test (purpose) to evaluate the conduction of sound waves through bone to distinguish
• sensorineural hearing loss (cause)

  ototoxic drugs, genetic hearing loss,aging, malformation of the IN
• Romberg test maintain patient balance (stand)
• Romberg test normal maintain 20second without swaying
• nose middle of the face
• paramasal sinuses mucus lined, that surround the nasal cavity
• function of nose & sinuses

  provide airway for respiration

  provide resonance of voice
• external nose

  nares (nostrils)/ vestibules

  provide access to nasopharynx
• nasal mucosa (external) ciliated epithelium cells with goblet cells
• cilia small hairs that filter air
• turbinates ( S,M, Inferior) nasal walls
• olfactory nerve (CN1) control's sense of smell
• internal nose tilt head back & use nasoscope or penlight
• normal (nose) pink variations consistent with ethnic with oral mucosa