RPH

• Historia


  Knowledge acquired through inquiry or investigation
• History is the study of the past of a person or a group of people through written documents and historical evidences
• History also focused on writing about wars, revolutions, and other important breakthroughs
• Valid historical documents

  • Government Records
  • Chronicle's Accounts
  • Personal Letters
  • Receipts
• Restricting historical evidence as exclusively written is a discrimination against other social classes who were not recorded in paper
• Historiography


  The history of history and it covers how historians have studied and developed history including its sources, techniques, and theoretical approaches
• Historiography


  Focuses on how a certain historical text was written, who wrote it, what was the context of its publication, what historical method was employed, what sources were used
• Positivism


  The school of thought that emerged between the 18th and 19th century which requires empirical and observable evidence before one can claim that a particular knowledge is true
• Post-colonialism


  The school of thought that emerged in the early 20th century when formerly colonized nations grappled with the idea of creating their identities and understanding their societies against the shadows of their colonial past
• Two things in writing history

  • Tell the history of their nation that will highlight their identity free from that colonial discourse and knowledge
  • To criticize the methods, effects, and idea of colonialism
• Facts cannot speak for themselves. It is the historian's job not just to seek historical evidences and facts but also to interpret them
• It is the historian's job to give meaning to these facts and organize them into timeline, establish causes, and write history
• Historical methodology


  Comprises certain techniques and rules that historians follow in order to properly utilize sources and historical evidences in writing history
• Historical sources: classifications

  • Primary sources
  • Secondary sources
• Primary sources


  Sources produced at the same time as the event, period, or subject being studied
• Secondary sources


  Sources produced by an author who used primary sources to produce the material
• Secondary sources

  • Teodoro Agoncillo's Revolt of the Masses 1956
• External criticism


  The practice of verifying the authenticity of evidence by examining the physical characteristics; consistency with the historical characteristic of the time when it was produced, and the materials used for the evidence
• Internal criticism


  The examination of the truthfulness and factuality of the evidence. It looks at the content of the source and examines the circumstance of its production
• Context analysis considers


  • Historical context of the source (time and place it was written and the situation at the time)
  • Author's background, intent (to the extent discernable, and authority on the subject)
  • The source's relevance and meaning today
• Content analysis


  • Identify the author's main argument or thesis
  • Compare points of view
  • Identify biases
  • Evaluate the author's claim based on the evidences presented or other available evidence at the time