Biology 23-24 U7 Cardiorespiratory system

• Right atrium


  Receives deoxygenated blood from the superior (upper body) and inferior vena cava (lower body)
• Left atrium


  • Receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins which are connected to the lungs
  • Sends blood through the mitral valve and into the left ventricle
• Right ventricle


  • Receives deoxygenated blood from the first chamber of the heart passing the Tricupid valve
  • Contracts and pumps the blood going to the pulmonary valve to the lungs
• Left ventricle


  Actively pumps the blood through the aortic valve so it can travel throughout the body
• Tricuspid (right) valve


  • Allows the blood to flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle
  • Prevents blood from flowing backward from the right ventricle to the right atrium
• Mitral (left) valve


  • Allows the blood to flow from the Left atrium to the left ventricle
  • Prevents blood from flowing backward from the left ventricle to the left atrium
• Pulmonary (right) valve


  • Allows the blood to pump from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery
  • Prevents blood from going backward from the pulmonary artery to the right ventricle
• Aortic (left) valve


  • Allows the blood to pump from the left ventricle to the Aorta
  • Prevents blood from going backward from the aorta to the left ventricle
• Arteries


  Used to distribute the rich blood cells to the other organs
• Capillaries


  Used to connect arteries and veins
• Veins


  Bring back the poor blood cells to the heart from the other organs so that it can become an oxygen-rich blood cell
• Inhalation


  1. Active contraction of muscles such as the diaphragm

  2. Breathing in
• Inhalation is part of the breathing cycle, the process is autonomic and does not need conscious control
• Inhalation


  1. Contraction of muscles attached to the ribcage causing expansion in the chest cavity

  2. Contraction of the diaphragm resulting in the expansion of the intrapleural space
• Exhalation


  The act of exhaling air taken in and is passive
• Exhalation


  1. Diaphragm relaxes, moving upwards into the chest cavity

  2. Muscles between the ribs relax, causing the area of the chest cavity to reduce

  3. Carbon dioxide-rich air is expelled out of the lungs and windpipe, ultimately out of the nose
• NOSE


  Used to intake air and protect our bodies by filtering the bad particles
• PHARYNX


  Used as a passageway for the air and passing food as well
• LARYNX


  Also called the voice box because it contains the vocal cords and the different muscles used in producing sounds. When food is swallowed, a flap called the epiglottis folds over the top of it and prevents food from entering the windpipe and the lungs
• TRACHEA


  Also referred to as the windpipe. It is a tube that carries air in and out of our lungs. The end of this is split into two tubes called the bronchi
• BRONCHI


  It is for air to go in and out of our lungs
• LUNGS


  It allows us us to breath and brings air to our bodies
• ALVEOLI


  It is used to exchange oxygen to carbon dioxide in breathing in and out
• TRACHEA- Also referred to as the windpipe. It is a tube that carries air in and out of our lungs. The end of this is split into two tubes called the bronchi.
• LUNGS- It allows us us to breath and brings air to our bodies
• ALVEOLI- It is used to exchange oxygen to carbon dioxide in breathing in and out.
• When you are experiencing shortness of breath when doing an activity then it means that your there is an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the body at the cardiovascular system is
• blood flows to the right atrium, through the tricuspid valve, into the right ventricle, through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary valve, into the pulmonary trunk, and then into the pulmonary arteries
• Pulmonary circulation is to the lungs
• Systemic circulation is to the rest of the body
• 1. Oxygen enters the body through inhalation, where the diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract, expanding the chest cavity and drawing air into the lungs.
  2. The inhaled air passes through the nasal cavity or oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, and trachea.
  3. From the trachea, air travels through the bronchi, which branch into smaller bronchioles.
  4. These bronchioles lead to clusters of tiny air sacs called alveoli, where gas exchange occurs.
• Oxygen diffusion in the alveoli

  Oxygen diffuses into the bloodstream through the thin walls of the air sacs
• Oxygen transport in the circulatory system

  Oxygen is transported by red blood cells to body tissues
• Cellular respiration in body tissues

  Oxygen is used to produce energy
• Carbon dioxide transport in the bloodstream

  Carbon dioxide, a waste product of cellular metabolism, is generated and transported back to the lungs
• Carbon dioxide diffusion in the alveoli

  Carbon dioxide diffuses out of the bloodstream and is exhaled from the body during exhalation
• Exhalation


  Diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax, reducing the volume of the chest cavity
• Answer

  A) Pulmonary artery

  B) mitiral valve

  C) aortic valve

  D) Pulmonary veins

  E) Pulmonary valve

  F) triscupid

  G) atrium

  H) ventricle

  
• The Diaphragm is the primary muscle responsible for the process of inhalation and exhalation
• The alveoli is where oxygen turns into carbon dioxide