genbio

• Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen


  Major constituent of organic plant material; assimilation of oxidation-reduction reactions
• Chlorine


  Water splitting system for photosystem II; stomatal opening regulation
• Boron


  Cell wall synthesis; enzymatic reactions and metabolic pathways; mitotic activity for root development
• Calcium


  Structural component of the cell wall and cell membrane; counter-ion in the vacuole
• Chlorine


  Water splitting system for photosystem II; stomatal opening regulation
• Copper


  Co-factor for metalloproteins and enzymes; photosynthetic electron transport; cell wall metabolism and hormone signaling; oxidative stress response
• Phosphorus


  • Energy transferring process for photosynthesis and respiration (ADP-ATP synthesis); structural component of phospholipids, nucleic acids, coenzymes, and nucleotidesg process for photosynthesis and respiration (ADP-ATP synthesis); structural component of phospholipids, nucleic acids, coenzymes, and nucleotides
• Potassium


  Cell extension and stomatal regulation; enzyme activation (kinase, starch synthase, and nitrate reductase); photosynthetic activity (e.g., CO, fixation and pH regulation)
• Sulfur


  Assimilation of oxidation-reduction reactions; participates in various enzymatic processes
• Zinc


  Enzymatic function and reactivity; stem elongation; protein and starch synthesis
• Iron


  Regulatory component of proteins and metabolites in roots and leaves
• Magnesium


  Chlorophyll synthesis; cofactor in activation of ATPase
• Manganese


  Photodestruction of chlorophyll and chloroplast structure; enzyme activator; precursor of amino acid, hormones (auxins) and lignins
• Molybdenum


  Enzyme activation (e.g., nitrate reductase, catalase, and ribonuclease); chlorophyll synthesis
• Nickel


  Endosperm development and dehydrogenase activity; urease activation for urea breakdown; root nodule growth
• Nitrogen


  General plant growth of roots, stem, leaf, flowers and fruits; chlorophyll synthesis