SOCIOLOGY L1

• Auguste Comte, a frenchman, the founding father of Sociology
• In 1839, Comte accredited with the coining of the term Sociology
• Sociology is composed of two words: socius and logos
• Socius means companion or associate
• Logos means science or study
• The etymological meaning of Sociology is thus the Science of Society
• Sociology as a science of social phenomena, subject to natural and invariable laws and object of investigation. Author: Auguste Comte
• Kingsley Davis, Sociology is a General Science of Society
• According to Harry M. Johnson, Sociology is the Science that deals with Social Groups
• Science of Social Institutions. Author: Emile Durkheim
• Park, accordingly, Sociology as the Science of Collective Behavior
• Small defines Sociology as the Science of Social Relationships
• The Study of Man-in-relationship-to-men is defined by Marshal Jones
• Sociology is the scientific study of social life. Author: Ogburn and Nimkoff
• The Science of Social Phenomena. Author: Franklin Henry Giddings
• According to Henry Fairchild, sociology is the study of man and his human environment in their relations to each other
• Sociology as the science which attempts the interpretative understanding of social action in order their by to arrive at the casual explanation of its course and effects. Author: Max Weber
• Alex Inkeles, defined Sociology is the study of systems of social action and their inter-relations
• Accordingly sociology is the scientific study of social aspects of human life. Author: Kimball Young and Raymond W. Mack
• Morris Ginsberg, defined Sociology to be a more satisfactory and comprehensive. Sociology is the study of human interactions and interrelations their conditions and consequences.
• Authors who defined Sociology

  Auguste Comte

  Kingsley Davis

  Harry M. Johnson

  Emile Durkheim

  Park

  Small

  Marshal Jones

  Ogburn and Nimkoff

  Franklin Henry Giddings

  Henry Fairchild

  Max Weber

  Alex Inkeles

  Kimball Young and Raymond W. Mack

  Morris Ginsberg
• 10 Influencial Sociologists of 20th Century

  Emile Durkheim (1858-1917)

  Max Weber (1862-1920)

  Charles Wright Mills (1916-1962)

  Daniel Bell (1919-2011)

  Erving Goffman (1922-1982)

  Michel Foucault (1926-1984)

  Jurgen Habermas (1929)

  Pierre Bourdieu (1930-2002)

  Anthony Giddens (1938)

  Gary Alan Fine (1950)
• Emile Durkheim, first professor of sociology in France, considered as one of the three fathers of sociology
• Durkheim is considered as one of the fathers of Sociology due to his significant contribution in establishing Sociology as a Science
• Durkheim’s work called The Division of Labor in Society, published in 1893, challenged Karl Marx criticism of industrialization
• Karl Marx is also one of the fathers of Sociology but not included in the list due to his 19th century birth and death
• Durkheim’s seminal work in 1895, Suicide, pioneered the separation of social science and psychology. Social integration defines suicide rates
• He is a third founding architect of Sociology, Max Weber, his battle cry was the role of religion not economics
• Karl Marx as a catalyst of social change
• One of the founders of the Liberal German Democratic Party was Max Weber. And his famous theory of Protestant Ethic
• Charles Wright Mills, coined the phrase Power Elite. Government organization. Wealth and Social Status. Alliances of elites and political intellectuals
• Primary thought leader in the field of post-industrialism. Service sector over manufacturing sector. Daniel Bell
• Knowledge becomes a form of capital. Popularized the concept in his 1973 book the coming of the post industrial society
• Erving Goffman is a sociologist, developed the theory of dramaturgy. The presentation of self in everyday life (1959)
• He is, Erving Goffman, who introduced concepts such as stigma, spoiled identity, and impression management
• Most influential humanities author by Times Higher Education in 2007. Michel Foucault, his work in philosophy, criticism, and Sociology
• Michel Foucault, his contributions to the theory around the relationship of power and knowledge as a form of social control, place him in the category of influential sociologists
• A well-known German Intellectual who is highly respected on an international level. He is, Jurgen Habermas. Field of critical theory and pragmatism
• Jurgen Habermas theory states that successful communication leads to human rationality. Theory of Communicative Rationality
• Building on the work of Marx, Durkheim, Weber, and others, Pierre Bourdieu established Cultural Deprivation Theory, states that people tend to think higher class cultures are better than lower class cultures