it is a picture of all the chromosomes in a cell, arranged in pairs and in order of size.
what are chromosomes?
they are strands of DNA tightly coiled into structures called cromosomes
recognise abnormalities?
down syndrome: 3x chromosome 21
Klinefelter syndrome: xxy
turners syndrome: single x in a female
chloroplast?
The site of photosynthesis only found in plants
ribosomes?
function is to produce proteins from DNA
Golgi body?
function is to sort and package proteins( usually to release them out of the cell)
vacuale?
temporary storage space in a cell for water, food and waste
cell membrane?
all cells have it, it controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell
what is a gene?
it is just one section of DNA and it codes for a specific protein that determines your traits eg. hair colour
what is the function of DNA?
DNA contains the instructions needed for and organism to develop, survive and reproduce
endoplasmic reticulum?
moves things around the cell (rough - with ribosomes)(smooth - without ribosomes)
autosomes?
are chromosomes that don't determine your sex eg. the first 22 pairs of chromosomes
homozygous, dominant example?
RR
homozygous, recessive example?
rr
heterozygous example?
Rr
who are the scientists who discovered the structure of DNA?
Francis Crick, Rosalind Franklin, James Watson and Maurice Wilkins
diploid?
double of every chromosome
haploid?
half of the no. of chromosomes
homozygous?
2 of the same allele eg. BB or bb
heterozygous?
have one of each allele eg. Bb and are called carriers, hey have an allele for the recessive trait in their genotype but dont show it in their phenotype
genotype?
the particular combination of alleles of a gene
how many chromosomes are there?
there are 23 pares (2 of each)
sex chromosomes?
pair 23 - xx = femalexy= male
draw and label the features of a DNA double helix?
(the nitrogenous bases are connected by hydrogen bonds)
nuclius?
controls all the cell activities and contains genetic material
mitocondria?
it's function is to produce energy through cellular resporation
allele?
are the different versions of the same gene
what are the 4 nitrogenous bases?
adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine
draw and label a nucleotide?
.
what dose DNA stand for?
deoxy - ribo - nucleic acid.
punnet squares?
.
pedigree?
is a family tree diagram that shows the phenotypes of the individuals in a family across multiple generations