science - term 1 (DNA)

Cards (32)

  • what is a karyotype??

    it is a picture of all the chromosomes in a cell, arranged in pairs and in order of size.
  • what are chromosomes?
    they are strands of DNA tightly coiled into structures called cromosomes
  • recognise abnormalities?
    down syndrome: 3x chromosome 21
    Klinefelter syndrome: xxy
    turners syndrome: single x in a female
  • chloroplast?

    The site of photosynthesis only found in plants
  • ribosomes?

    function is to produce proteins from DNA
  • Golgi body?

    function is to sort and package proteins( usually to release them out of the cell)
  • vacuale?

    temporary storage space in a cell for water, food and waste
  • cell membrane?
    all cells have it, it controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell
  • what is a gene?

    it is just one section of DNA and it codes for a specific protein that determines your traits eg. hair colour
  • what is the function of DNA?
    DNA contains the instructions needed for and organism to develop, survive and reproduce
  • endoplasmic reticulum?

    moves things around the cell (rough - with ribosomes)(smooth - without ribosomes)
  • autosomes?

    are chromosomes that don't determine your sex eg. the first 22 pairs of chromosomes
  • homozygous, dominant example?
    RR
  • homozygous, recessive example?
    rr
  • heterozygous example?
    Rr
  • who are the scientists who discovered the structure of DNA?
    Francis Crick, Rosalind Franklin, James Watson and Maurice Wilkins
  • diploid?

    double of every chromosome
  • haploid?
    half of the no. of chromosomes
  • homozygous?

    2 of the same allele eg. BB or bb
  • heterozygous?

    have one of each allele eg. Bb and are called carriers, hey have an allele for the recessive trait in their genotype but dont show it in their phenotype
  • genotype?

    the particular combination of alleles of a gene
  • how many chromosomes are there?
    there are 23 pares (2 of each)
  • sex chromosomes?
    pair 23 - xx = female xy= male
  • draw and label the features of a DNA double helix?
    (the nitrogenous bases are connected by hydrogen bonds)
  • nuclius?

    controls all the cell activities and contains genetic material
  • mitocondria?

    it's function is to produce energy through cellular resporation
  • allele?

    are the different versions of the same gene
  • what are the 4 nitrogenous bases?
    adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine
  • draw and label a nucleotide?

    .
  • what dose DNA stand for?
    deoxy - ribo - nucleic acid.
  • punnet squares?

    .
  • pedigree?
    is a family tree diagram that shows the phenotypes of the individuals in a family across multiple generations