operating system

• Borders


  • Distinguish specific values
  • Outline summarized values
  • Separate data into ranges of cells
• Cell style


  A defined set of formatting characteristics, such as fonts and font sizes, number formats, cell borders, and cell shading
• Number format


  Controls how a value is displayed in a cell
• Number formats in Excel

  • General
  • Number
  • Currency
  • Accounting
  • Date
  • Time
  • Percentage
  • Fraction
  • Scientific
  • Text
  • Special
  • Custom
• Conditional formatting


  Applied to easily spot patterns and trends in the data using colors, bars, and icons to visually highlight important values
• Table


  • Contains related data in a series of worksheet rows and columns
  • Header row contains the title of each column
  • Banded rows contain the actual data
  • Calculated columns have data used for computation
  • Total row displays the total of the computation performed on the calculated columns
  • Sizing handle in the upper-right corner can be dragged to resize the table
• Chart


  • Used to visualize data to create maximum impact on your audience
• Chart types

  • Column
  • Line
  • Pie
  • Doughnut
  • Bar
  • Area
  • X Y (Scatter)
  • Bubble
  • Map
  • Stock
  • Surface
  • Radar
  • Treemap
  • Sunburst
  • Histogram
  • Box & Whisker
  • Waterfall
  • Funnel
  • Combo
• General – the default number format that is applied when a number is typed
•   Number – used for the general display of numbers
• o   Currency – used for the general monetary values and displays the default currency symbol with numbers
• Accounting – used for monetary values, but it aligns the currency symbols and the decimal points of numbers in a column
• Percentage – multiplies the cell value by 100 and displays the result with a percent (%) symbol
•   Scientific – displays a number in exponential notation, replacing part of the number with E+n, where E (Exponent) multiplies the preceding number by 10 to the nth power. For example, 12345678901 is displayed as 1.23E+10, which is 1.23 times 10 the 10th power.
• Text – displays the content exactly as you type it
• Special – used for tracking lists and database values; used to display a number as a postal code (ZIP code), phone number, or Social Security numbers
• Custom – allows you to modify a copy of an existing number format code.
• Header row – contains the title of each column
•   Banded rows – contain the actual data
• Calculated columns – columns with data that will be used for computation
• Total row – displays the total of the computation performed on the calculated columns
• Sizing handle – found in the upper-right corner that can be dragged to resize the table.
•   A chart is used to visualize data to create maximum impact on your audience.
• o   Column – It displays categories along the horizontal axis and values along the vertical axis.
• o   Line – Category data is distributed evenly along the horizontal axis, and all value data is distributed evenly along the vertical axis.
• o   Pie – This shows the size of items in a single data series proportional to the sum of the items. The data points in a pie chart are shown as a percentage of the whole pie.
• Doughnut – This also shows the relationships of parts to a whole, but it can contain more than a single data series.
• o   Bar – This displays categories along the vertical axis and values along the horizontal axis.
• o   Area – It is used to plot change over time and draw attention to the total value across a trend.
• X Y (Scatter) – This combines x and y values into single data points and shows them in irregular intervals or clusters. Scatter charts are typically used for showing and comparing numerical values, like scientific, statistical, and engineering data.
• Bubble – This is a scatter chart added with a third column to specify the size of the bubbles it shows to represent the data points in the data series.
• o   Map – This compares values and shows categories across geographical regions
• o   Stock – It shows fluctuations in stock prices. It can also be used for other data, such as daily rainfall or annual temperatures.
• o   Surface – It is used to find optimum combinations between two (2) sets of data.
• o   Radar – This compares the aggregate values of several data series.
• o   Treemap – It provides a hierarchical view of data and an easy way to compare different levels of categorization. It displays categories by color and proximity.
• o   Sunburst – This displays hierarchical data and can be plotted when empty cells exist within the hierarchal structure.
• o   Histogram – It shows the frequencies of data within a distribution.
• o   Box & Whisker – Whisker chart shows the distribution of data into quartiles, highlighting the mean and outliers. The boxes may have lines extending vertically called “whiskers”.
• o   Waterfall – This shows a running total of your financial data as values are added or subtracted.