NII

• There was opposition due to poor harvests in 1901 and a continuation of uprisings after 1905
• There were increased uprisings during WWI as the economy was destroyed by the impact of war
• There were Black Earth region revolts from 1906 to 1907, they got results in the form of land reforms to appease the peasants suggesting that peasants were successful in employing direct action
• In January 1905, the peasants organised rent strikes and trespassed on gentry lands even destroying trees and crops.
• In July 1905 after the failed harvest, peasants attack gentry manors, set houses on fire etc. In total 3000 manors were destroyed
• Peasant unions formed and demanded political change- land to the landless and universal suffrage and education
• There was a new phase of peasant revolts in 1916. This was an integral part of revolutionary events of 1917, as they launched attacks on landowners, destroyed public utilities and engaged in peasant vigilantism led by people like Chapayev