AII

• In government, there was criticism of AII from the Zemstvos
• The St. Petersburg zemstva got shut down in 1865 for calling for a central zemstva office. AII's reaction suggests that the government viwed this as a threat
• Student protests erupted in campusis in 1861. Fires were set alight in St Petersburg and other provincial towns. The government responded by filing up St Peter and Paul's fortress
• There was intelelctual opposition from individuals such as Baknin, Chernyshevsky and Herzen
• Chernyshevsky was part of the populists (Narodniks) as well as Pyotr Lvov, who organised a "Going to the People" campaign in 1873 and 1874
• There was Student opposition from groups such as Young Russia, who published a manifesto in 1862 criticising the Russian government.
• Student protests were largey ignored, however there were slight educational reforms in 1881 under Golvonin
• Student protests were easy to crush. The leaders wre arrested and imprisoned
• The Tsar tried to deal with the Chaikovsky group by arresting them and prosecuting them in the Trial of the 193, but this led to more publicity and support against the Tsar