Digestive system

• peristalsis:


  the pushing of food along the digestive system by a series of contracting rings of muscle
• specialised structures in the small intestine

  villi absorb nutrients into the blood
• Bile: 


  a bitter greenish-brown alkaline fluid which aids digestion and is secreted by the liver and stored in the gall bladder.
• emulsification:


  the breakdown of large droplets of lipid into smaller droplets. Bile emulsifies instead of digests because it doesn’t break down into nutrient.
• Digested food is moved through the oesophagus and small and large intestines by muscles in their lining by peristalsis.
• function of mouth


  mechanical and chemical digestion starts here
• function of oesophagus 


  connects your mouth to your stomach
• function of small intestine


  where nutrients are absorbed into your blood
• function of stomach

  a muscular bag that mixes food and drink with acid
• function of large intestine 


  where food that cannot be digested passed into before becoming waste
• function of Epiglottis

  during swallowing this lowers to block the trachea to stop food or drink from going to lungs.
• pharynx

  back of throat
• lower oesophageal sphincter

  circular muscle prevents stomach contents from rendering the oesophagus.
• pyloric sphincter


  regulates release of the chyme (mush stomach contents) from the stomach into the duodenum
• Where does the emulsification of fats take place?


  Small intestine
• Where is bile produced?


  The Liver
• Where is bile stored?

  The Gallbladder
• What is the chemical process in which the liver breaks down alcohol


  Detoxification
• Gallstones treatment


  Laparoscopic cholecystectomy

  Lithotripsy

  ERCP
• Gallstones diagnosis


  Ultrasound

  Clinical signs
• IBS diagnosis 


  Ultrasound

  Endoscopy

  Biopsy

  Clinical signs
• IBS treatments 


  No cure

  Diet- avoiding trigger foods

  Antibiotics
• Coeliac diagnosis 


  Ultrasound

  Endoscopy

  Biopsy
• Coeliac treatment


  Steroids

  Gluten free diet