CS - Blood

• Blood consists of what?

  Plasma

  Erythrocytes

  Leukocytes

  Platelets
• Blood Plasma Volume


  55% total blood volume

  90% water
• size of RBC


  7.5MM
• Volume of RBC


  45% total blood volume
• structure of RBC


  Biconcave disc - flexibility and increase SA, good gas exchange
• Haemaglobin


  4 Oxygen per 1 hema group

  RBC - 250M Hb
• Oxyhaemoglobin


  Oxygen added to RBC
• Deoxyhaemoglobin


  Deload of oxygen off RBC to muscle tissue
• Carbominohaemoglobin


  Small portion of C02 comes back and carried by RBC
• How long does RBC Last

  120 days
• Dietary requirements for RBC

  Vitamin b12 & Folic Acid

  Assist with DNA synthesis

  b12 requires intrinsic factor to be absored by liver
• Plycemia


  Too many RBC
• Anemia


  Iron deficient
• Platelets 


  Help with blood clotting - less than 1% of total blood volume
• Leukocytes


  White blood cells - defend the body from toxins and foreign microbes
• Two types of Leukocytes

  Granulocytes

  Agranulocytes
• Types of Granulocytes


  Neutrophil

  Eosinophil

  Basophil
• Neutrophil


  Very common - locates trauma when body sends out chemotaxis signal, neutrophil locates
• Eosinophil


  Attaches to parasites found

  release toxic substances from granules and kills it
• Basophil


  Less than 1% of white blood cells - release heparin or histamin. occurs during allergic reactions
• Types of Agranulocytes


  Monocytes

  Lymphocytes
• Monocytes

  Turn in macrophages that fight infection & disease.
• The life cycle of monocytes

  10-20 hours
• two types of lymphocytes

  T-Lymphocytes

  B-lymphocytes
• T-Lymphocytes


  Target foreign cells and release toxic molecules that destroy them
• B-Lymphocytes


  Create antibodies that binds with foreign cells and destroys them
• Lack of Lymphocytes


  Glandular Fever

  Leukaemia
• Electrolytes


  Positive charged Cations and negative charged anions combine to regular BL chemistry, PH levels muscle contraction
• Positive charged Cations


  Calcium, sodium, Potassium
• Negative charged Anions


  Phosphate, sulfate, bicarbonate
• Plasma Proteins


  Alpha Globulins

  Albumin

  Beta Globulins

  Gamma Globulin

  Fibrinogen Proteins
• Alpha Globulins


  Made in liver, transports proteins that bind lips, fat-soluble vitamins and metal ions
• Albumin


  Made by liver, maintains osmotic pressure
• Beta globulins


  Transports lipids and vitamins, aids immune response by carrying antibodies
• Gamma Globulin Antibodies


  Please plasma cells sharing an immune response to defend the body
• Fibrinogen Proteins


  Vital in forming blood clots and stop bleeding
• Hemostasis


  A function in the body that leads to cessatation in blood
• Vascular Spasms


  The blood vessel vasoconstricts
• Platelet Plug


  stick together at the injury site by chemical reaction with collagen fiber. Dams breach and stops blood flow
• Coagulation


  Clotting forms around site of injury