HA: Eyes (walang internal review the book or reviewer)

• it transmit visual stimuli to the brain for interpretation and, in doing so, function as the organ of vison.


  Eye
• the eyeball is located in the ___, a round, bony hollow formed by several different bones in the skull.

  eye orbit
• In the orbit a cushion of ___ surrounds the eye.

  fat
• the ___ and ___ protects the eyeball

  bony orbit and fat cushion
• two movable structures composed of skin and two types of muscles, their purpose is to protect the eye from foreign bodies and limit the amount of light entering the eye. in addition they serve to distribute tears that lubricate the surface of the eye.

  Eyelids
• Eyelids is a two movable structures composed of skin and two types of muscles ___ and ___

  striated and smooth
• The ___ eyelid is larger, more mobile and contains ___ made up of connective tissue

  upper, tarsal plates
• tarsal plates contain the ___, which secretes an oily substances that lubricate the eyelid.

  meibomian glands
• The eyelids join at two points: ___ and ___

  The lateral (outer) canthus and the medial (inner) canthus
• The medial canthus contains ___, two small openings that allow drainage of tears in the lacrimal system

  puncta
• The medial canthus also have a small, fleshy mass that contains the sebaceous gland called?

  Caruncle
• the white space between open eyelids is called?

  palpebral fissure
• The point where the sclera meets the cornea.

  Limbus
• are projections of stiff hair curving outward along the margins of the eyelids that filters dust and dirt from air entering the eye.

  Eyelashes
• Is a thin, transparent, continuous, membrane that is divided into 2 palpebral and bulbar portion

  Conjunctiva
• The 1.___ conjunctiva lines the insides of the eyelids, and the 2.___ conjunctiva covers most of the anterior eye, merging with the cornea at the limbus.

  1.palpebral conjunctiva

  2.bulbar conjunctiva
• it consist of glands and ducts that lubricate the eye.

  lacrimal apparatus
• The ___, located in the upper outer corner of the orbital cavity just above the eye and produces tears.

  lacrimal gland
• as the lid blinks, tear wash across the eye and then drain into the ___, which are visible on the upper and lower lids at the inner canthus.

  puncta
• Tears empty into the ___ and are then channeled into the ___ through the ___. They drain into the ___

  lacrimal canals, nasolacrimal sac, nasolacrimal duct, nasal meatus
• ___ are the six muscles attached to the outer surface of each eyeball.

  extraocular muscles
• four rectus muscles

  superior, inferior, lateral, and medial
• two oblique muscles

  superior and inferior
• in nervation for these muscles is supplied by three cranial nerves

  oculomotor 3, trochlear 4, abducens 6
• the eyeball is composed of ___ separate coats or layer.

  3
• is a dense, protective white covering that physically supports the internal structures of the eye.

  sclera
• "The window of the eye"


  cornea
• it permits the entrance of light, which passes through the lens to the retina. It is well supplied with nerve endings, making it responsive to pain and touch.

  cornea
• corneal reflex is supported by the ___, which carries the afferent sensation into the brain , and the facial nerve, which carries the efferent message that stimulate the blink

  trigeminal nerve
• The ___ consist of muscle tissue that controls the thickness of the lens, which must be adapted to focus on objects near and far away.

  Ciliary body
• is a circular disc of muscle containing pigments that determine eye color.

  Iris
• The central aparture of the iris is called the?

  Pupil
• ___ in the iris adjust to control the pupils size, which controls the amount of light entering the eye.

  muscle
• The ___ of the iris also decrease the size of the pupil to accommodate for near vision and dilate the pupil when far vission is needed

  muscle fiber
• is a biconvex, transparent, avascular encapsulated structure located immediately posterior to the iris.

  lens
• it functions is to refract (bend) light rays onto the retina.


  lens
• The lens ___ to focus on close object and ___ to focus on far objects.

  bulges, flatten
• it contains the vascularity necessary to provide nourishment to the inner aspect of the eye and prevents light from reflecting internally.

  choroid layer
• It receives visual stimuli and send it to the brain

  Retina
• The retina consist of numerous layer of nerve cells, including the cells commonly called ___ and ___.

  rods and cones