memory

• Working memory


  Also known as short term memory, the ability to remember information briefly in order to utilize it for a particular task
• Episodic memory


  The ability to remember events or "episodes" from a specific time and place, lasts longer than working memory
• Semantic memory


  Memorizing general knowledge and facts, unrelated to personal events and life experiences
• Collective memory


  When a group of people remember particular pieces of information, typically seen in communities where people remember customs and events specific to them only
• Stages of memory


  1. Encoding

  2. Storage

  3. Retrieval
• Encoding


  The initial step of learning in which you perceive and pay attention to certain stimuli/information, but ignore others
• Storage


  How we maintain information over time, through consolidation and memory traces (real changes to the nervous system representing events and experiences)
• Retrieval


  When we access memories and utilize them in a tangible way, often triggered through cues and recognition of related information
• Encoding enhancement


  • Distinctiveness (remembering unusual information/events)
  • Recoding (converting information into a form that is easily understood)
• Encoding specificity principle


  A cue can only be effective when it matches information from a memory trace
• Associating too many memories with a cue will make it less effective
• Method of loci


  Makes the user encode information in a distinctive way that is personal to them, using weird and unusual cues to draw attention to the information
• Mnemonics


  Methods of recoding, the user remembers the information by interpreting it in a way that is natural and does not require much effort