Attachment

Cards (34)

  • What is attachment?
    A strong emotional bond usually between a caregiver and an infant
  • What are the 4 main features of caregiver-infant interactions?

    Imitation, sensitive responsiveness, interactional synchrony and reciprocity
  • What is imitation?
    Infants between 2 and 3 weeks imitate the facial expressions and hand movements of caregivers
  • What is sensitive responsiveness?

    The caregiver responds appropriately to the infants needs
  • What is interactional synchrony?

    Infants react in time with caregivers speech
  • What is reciprocity?

    Interaction flows back and forth between infants and caregivers
  • What are the 4 stages of attachment identified by Schaffer?

    Asocial phase, indiscriminate attachment phase, discriminate attachment phase and multiple attachment phase
  • What is the asocial phase?

    Occurs during the first 3 months where the baby has no strong preference between people
  • What is the indiscriminate attachment phase?

    Occurs between 6 weeks and 7 months where the infants begin to discriminate between people
  • What is the discriminate attachment phase?

    Occurs during 7 and 11 months where the infant forms a strong attachment with an individual
  • What is the multiple attachment phase?

    Occurs from around 9 months onwards when the infant has multiple attachments that vary in strength
  • What did Schaffer and Emerson propose about the role of the father?
    The primary attachment figure was the mother and the secondary was the father
  • What did Ross's study show about the role of the father?

    There is a positive correlation between the amount of nappies changed by the father and the strength of the attachment
  • Who studied the critical period of infants?

    Lorenz
  • What were the results of Harlow's monkey's study?

    When scared the monkey's went to the cloth covered surrogate mother
  • What were the results of Lorenz geese study?

    Both groups of geese imprinted on the first moving object they saw
  • When is the critical period identified by Lorenz?

    Around 2 years
  • Outline Bowlby's monotropic theory
    Infants have an innate need to form one main attachment figure
  • What is the internal working model?

    Mental schemas for relationships that base future relationships
  • Outline the learning theory of attachment

    Infants form attachments based on conditioning
  • How does classical conditioning explain attachment? 

    Infants form an association between the mother and food and this forms attachment
  • How does operant conditioning explain attachment?

    Infants feel discomfort when hungry and use negative reinforcement via crying to ease this discomfort and forced the mother to feed them
  • What was the aim of Ainsworth’s strange situation study?

    To test and identify attachments styles between infants
  • What did the results of Ainsworth’s study show?

    70% showed a secure attachment style, 15% showed a insecure-resistant attachment style and 15% shows a insecure-avoidant attachment style
  • What is a secure attachment style?

    Infant is distressed when separated from mother, they can’t be comforted by a stranger yet they are easily comforted by caregiver
  • What is an insecure-avoidant attachment style?

    Infants are not distressed when separated from caregiver and can be comforted by both stranger and caregiver
  • What is an insecure-resistant attachment style?

    Infants is distressed when separated but reject caregiver when reunited
  • Which country showed higher rates of infants with insecure-resistant attachment styles?

    Japan
  • Which country showed higher rates of infants with insecure-avoidant attachment styles?

    Germany
  • Who studied the strange situations between cultures?

    Van Ijzendoron
  • What were the results of Bowlby’s juvenile study?

    17 thieves out of the 44 experienced prolonged separateness from their mother before 5
  • How many of the pps in Bowlby’s juvenile study shows affectionless psychopathy?
    15
  • What is Bowlby’s maternal deprivation theory?

    If children don’t form an attachment with a mother during the critical period they won’t be able to function properly
  • What was found in the Romanian adoption study?
    Those adopted before 6 months caught up to they British counterparts but those adopted after 6 months showed disinhibited attachment types and peer relationship problems