intro to bioethics

• Bioethics


  Ethics of life
• Ethics


  The study of right or wrong actions, including morality, immorality, positive and negative values, laws of beneficence, choice, compliance, rules and regulations
• Ethos of man as man

  • He is able to distinguish between good and evil, right or wrong, moral or immoral
  • He feels within himself an obligation to do what is good and to avoid what is evil
  • He feels himself responsible for his actions, expecting reward or punishment
• Man is endowed by nature with a moral sense and submits to the study of doing what is good and avoiding what is wrong
• Ethics is the science of the morality of human acts, reflecting the motives of the doer
• Ethics is the study of human motivation and rational behavior
• Ethics is the practical science of morality of human conduct
• Human acts


  Actions performed by man, knowingly and freely, also called deliberate, intentional or voluntary actions
• Morality


  The quality of human acts by which they are constituted as good, bad or indifferent
• Moral


  That which is good
• Immoral


  That which is bad
• Amoral


  That which is indifferent, in between moral and immoral
• Norm of morality


  The relation between human acts and the standards of morality
• Virtuous


  Having the habit or inclination to do good
• Vicious


  Having the habit of doing wrong
• Eternal law


  Divine reason, from God
• Conscience


  Human reason
• Morality


  A human standard based on natural law, embedded in man's conscience, guiding him to do good and avoid evil
• Immorality


  Doing an act contrary to good conscience
• Moral turpitude


  Everything done contrary to justice or good morals
• Immoral conduct


  Willful, flagrant conduct that shows moral influence against the opinion of the good and respectable members of the community
• Moral character


  What a person really is, not what he or others think he is
• Ethics provides the moral foundation in the study of medical technology to guide the student throughout their life
• Without governing rules, the practice of medical technology could lead to failure, anarchy, rioting, lawbreaking, defiance, aggression, and antagonism
• Medical technology ethics will guard against abuses and ills of the profession such as dishonesty, deceit, immorality, negligence, slothfulness, lack of diligence, and other forms of malpractice
• Basis of medical technology ethics

  • 1968 Code of Ethics of Medical Technologist (PAMET)
  • Revised 1992 Code of Ethics under Marilyn Atienza
  • Philippine Medical Technology Act of 1969
  • Revised Medical Technology Code of Ethics of March 7, 1997 under Norma Nuñez Chang
• Medical technology ethics is the branch of moral science that treats the duties a medical technologist owes to their patient, colleagues, and the public
• Health


  The state of being in which an individual does the best with the capacities they have and acts in ways that maximize their capacities
• Health is commonly defined in terms of standard physiological parameters, but what is healthy for one individual may not indicate health for another
• Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
• Health


  Defined by a model of what is physiologically usual or average
• Health indicators


  • Blood chemicals, electro-neurological readings, gross anatomy, histology
• What is identifiably healthy for one individual does not necessarily indicate a state of health for another person
• Health


  A state of complete physical, mental and social being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
• Health


  Optimal functioning at the biological, physiological, social, and spiritual levels
• Disease/Illness


  Not the exact contrary to health, as health is optimal functioning
• Less than optimal functioning soon leads to dysfunction or bad function
• Subjective terms for disease

  • Illness, Sickness, Complaint
• Objective terms for disease

  • Disease, Malady, Ailment, Disorder
• Ontological concept of disease

  Diseases are separate entities that can be classified and named