HOA MIDTERM

• What were the period styles dominant in Spain from 1521-1899?

  • Spanish Renaissance architecture
  • Spanish Baroque architecture
  • Spanish Colonial architecture
  • Neoclassical Style
• Churrigueresque


  refers to a Spanish Baroque style of elaborate sculptural architectural ornament which emerged as a manner of stucco decoration in Spain in the late 17th century and was used up to about 1750, marked by extreme, expressive and florid decorative detailing, normally found above the entrance on the main facade of a building.
• Churrigueresque


  Named after the architect and sculptor, José Benito de Churriguera (1665–1725)
• Spanish Renaissance architecture

  • Renaissance Humanism
  • Emphasis on symmetry, proportion, geometry and the regularity of parts.
  • Classical Architecture
• Spanish Baroque architecture


  Churrigueresque
• Spanish Colonial architecture


  The combination of the Native American and Moorish decorative influences with an extremely expressive interpretation of the Churrigueresque idiom may account for the full-bodied and varied character of the Baroque in the American colonies of Spain.
• Spanish Colonial architecture


  Roof made with red clay tiles
• Spanish Colonial architecture


  Danao Church, Cebu
• Spanish Renaissance architecture


  San Agustin Church, Intramuros
• Spanish Baroque architecture


  Church of Santo Tomas de Villanueva, Miag-ao, Iloilo City
• Spanish Baroque architecture


  Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela in Spain Churrigueresque Obradoiro facade
• Neoclassical Style


  Style defined by symmetry, simple geometry, and social demands instead of ornament.
• Neoclassical Style


  Basilica of Saint Martin of Tours
• Spanish Friars


  designed/ planned/ constructed churches before “maestro de obras” or “architects” became the norm in the Philippines
• The reason for professional architects in assisting the friars is explained by the following


  Distance of the Philippines from their country;

  Uncertainty of the job;

  Legends and stories about the Philippines;

  Low salary
• Funding for the construction of the churches came from the following source


  occasional funds from the government;

  encomenderos who are residents of the area;

  priest’s savings; and,

  monetary tribute or contribution and manual labor of the towns

  people
• Forts 


  were built to protect the colony from enemies. In an attempt to deter Muslim raids into Visayas and Luzon.
• The Philippines


  was considered to be a key part of the defense system of the Spanish crown in the New world.
• Fortifications


  were erected by the Spanish crown are the largest collections of defense constructions ever to be built
• Fort San Pedro – Cebu

  
• Nuestra Señora de Guia , Manila


  built in 1580’s by Fr. Antonio Sedeño - first stone fort.

  
• Cuyo , Palawan


  Saint Augustine Church in Cuyo, Palawan

  
• Capul, northern Samar


  Capul Church, Northern Samar

  
• Guiuan, eastern Samar


  Inmaculada Concepcion Parish Church

  
• Miag -ao , Iloilo


   Santo Tomás de Villanueva Parish

  
• Atimonan, Quezon


  Atimonan Church, Our Lady of Angels Parish

  
• Dupax, Nueva Viscaya


  Church of St. Vincent Ferrer 

  
• Alojamientos

  • living quarters for the soldiers
• Calabozo 


  jail
• Herreria


  foundry
• Almacenes 


  warehouse for powder, provision, ammunition
• Pozo


  well
• Stone fort could include the following

  Alojamientos

  Calabozo

  Herreria

  Almacenes

  Pozo

  And even chapel
• Farola


  Lighthouse
• Cape Bojeador


  Bangui, Ilocos Norte

  
• Cape Engaño


  Palauig Island, Cagayan

  
• Corregidor


  guarding the entrance to Manila Bay

  
• Capul Island Lighthouse


  guarding the San Bernardino Strait

  
• Intramuros, Manila


  Known as the Walled City or “within the walls” (latin)
• Intramuros, Manila


  Occupies a pentagonal area of 64 hectares