Less7

• Social institution


  A system of a standardized pattern of behavior and norms towards the preservation of social order
• Different types of social institutions

  • Family
  • Educational institution
  • Healthcare institution
  • Economic institution
  • State and non-state institution
  • Religion and belief system
• Family


  • Considered a vital social institution
  • Foundation of the nation (as stated in the 1987 constitution)
  • Vital for the continued survival of humanity because it nurtures offspring from childhood into adulthood
  • A group of people who are related by birth, marriage, or adoption
• The family, being the foundation of the nation, is a basic social institution which public policy cherishes and protects. Consequently, family relations are governed by law and no custom, practice or agreement destructive of the family shall be recognized or given effect. (Art. 149, Family Code)
• Filipino family


  • Filipinos are family-oriented
  • The "anak-magulang" complex and the "kamag-anak" relationship are very important to Filipinos
  • "Ama", "Ina", and "Anak" are culturally and emotionally significant
  • Treasures filial attachment not only to immediate family but also to extended family ("Tiya, Tiyuhin, Lolo, and Lola")
  • Supplies a basic sense of belonging, stability, and security
• Different types of family

  • Nuclear families
  • Extended families
  • Reconstituted/Blended families
• Transformation on family over time: 1) The emergence of single parent, 2) The phenomenon of OFW, 3) The emergence of same-sex spouses, 4) Some married couples are childless or choose not to have children, 5) Families who have children through adoption and surrogates, 6) Growing number of "broken families" (increased cases of separation or dissolution of marriages)
• Cohabitation


  The act of living together in a sexual partnership without being married
• Christian teaching on family life

  • Family members should support each other through difficult times as well as celebrating special events
  • Families have a responsibility towards their members who are sick or elderly
  • It is the duty of a Christian family to bring up the next generation to follow the Christian faith and teach Christian values of love and forgiveness
• Kinship


  A social structure defined by relations among individuals linked by blood or marriage ties
• Basic kinds of kinship ties

  • Based on blood (descent/lineage)
  • Based on marriage
  • Other connections
• Consanguineal kinship


  The relationship between parents and children as well as siblings. This is the most basic and universal type of kinship.
• Descent


  A biological relationship
• Lineage


  A line where one descent is traced
• Principles of descent


  • Unilineal (traced by most societies through a single line of ancestors from either the male or female line)
  • Patrilineal (one's descent is based on the male line)
  • Matrilineal (one's descent is based on the female line)
  • Non-unilineal or cognatic (trace their descent through the study of both parent's ancestors)
  • Bilateral (a descent system based on both male and female lines)
• Affinal kinship


  The relationship between husband and wife
• When marriage takes place, new forms of social relations are developed. The husband forms new relations with his wife's family, and the wife also develops new relations with her husband's family. Moreover, the families of both the husband and wife also form new social relations with each other.
• Marriage


  An important social institution wherein two persons, a man and a woman, enter into family life and make a public, official, and permanent declaration of their union as lifetime couples
• In Executive Order 209 or The Family Code of the Philippines, marriage is defined as a special contract of permanent union between a man and a woman entered into in accordance with law for the establishment of conjugal and family life.
• Marriage across cultures


  • Endogamy (marriage between members of the same group, ethnicity, religious groups, and aristocratic classes)
  • Exogamy (marriage custom where members marry outside of their group, community, or social classes)
• Types of marriage


  • Monogamy (a person cannot have more than one spouse)
  • Polygamy (a person can have more than one spouse)
  • Polygyny (a husband could take many wives)
  • Polyandry (a wife can have many husbands)
• Post-marital residency rules


  • Neolocal (leaves family of origin and jointly forms a new household)
  • Patrilocal (the married couple live into the husband's residence or near his kin)
  • Matrilocal (the married couple live into the wife's residence or near her kin)
  • Biolocal (upon marriage, choose to live with the husband's relative and the wife's relative alternately)
• Today, many LGBT (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender) groups were formed to fight for their rights in the society. Nowadays, it is socially and legally accepted in some countries to have gay and lesbian married couples, though it is still a question of their preferred terming as to "husband", "wife", "spouse", or "partners".
• Social kinship


  Individuals not connected by birth or marriage may still have a bond of kinship through a religious affiliation or a social group, such as the Kiwanis or Rotary service club, or within a rural or tribal society marked by close ties among its members. A major difference between consanguineal or affinal and social kinship is that the latter involves "the ability to terminate absolutely the relationship" without any legal recourse.
• Kinship by ritual


  Also known as the "compadrazgo system" which originated from Europe, the reciprocal relationship existing between a godparent and/or godparents and the godchild.
• Social Institution


  are well-established and structured relationships between groups of people that are considered fundamental components of a society’s culture.