Less8

• Be quite when the Teacher is talking
• Be ATTENTIVE
• Raise your hand if you want to speak
• Share your idea
• Have you ever experienced going to the albularyo?


  • Have you ever experienced TUOB?
  • Have you ever experienced wearing an amulet (Anting-Anting)?
  • Have you ever used LANA?
  • Have you ever consulted a magtatawas?
• REVIEW


  1. What level of interdependence do we have with our Primary Group?

  2. How about with our secondary group?

  3. Based on structure, how do we conduct ourselves within our primary group?

  4. How about with our secondary group?

  5. What is the role of the reference group to adolescents like you?
• Health


  (according to the World Health Organization) a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
• Social well-being


  Characterized by equal access to and delivery of basic needs services (water, food, shelter, and health services), and the provision of primary and secondary education
• All individuals have the right to health
• The human right to health means that everyone has the right to the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
• The human right to health entitles every individual to


  • Guarantees a system of health protection
  • Right to the health care they need, and to living conditions that enable them to be healthy, such as adequate food, housing, and a healthy environment
  • Healthcare must be provided as a public good for all, financed publicly and equitably
• The design of a healthcare system must be guided by

  • Universal Access
  • Availability
  • Acceptability and dignity
  • Quality
  • Nondiscrimination
  • Transparency
• Healthcare institution


  Ensures that individuals have access to health services to promote universal public health
• Healthcare system


  The sum total of all the organizations, institutions, and resources whose primary purpose is to improve health
• P296.3Billion is the health budget for 2023: Higher but still not enough
• Challenges faced by the Philippines' health care system

  • Majority of Filipino people lack access to basic healthcare
  • Only limited services are free of charge
  • There are not enough healthcare workers in the country
• By 2040, the Philippines shall be a prosperous, predominantly middle-class society where no one is poor. Our people will enjoy long and healthy lives, are smart and innovative, and will live in a high-trust society
• Western health system


  Based on science and the skills of health workers are standardized and learned from health science schools. Patients are treated based on standardized diagnostic practices
• Traditional or alternative health system


  Illness is referred to traditional healers. It uses natural methods of healing and natural medicine as well. It is less intrusive and employs a holistic perspective in its methods
• Usog


  A Filipino belief regarding the discomfort brought about by a stranger or visitor who is thought to have an evil eye (masamang mata), or who brings an evil wind (masamang hangin)
• Bughat/Binat


  Refers to a combination of ailments (headache, chills, body pains, malaise, dizziness, muscle weakness) a mother experiences after giving birth
• Culture-bound syndrome, culture-specific syndrome, or folk illness

  A combination of psychiatric and somatic symptoms that are considered to be a recognizable disease only within a specific society or culture
• Filipino theories of illness

  • Mystical causes
  • Personalistic causes
  • Naturalistic causes
  • Bacterial/Viral causes
• Albularyo


  Seen as a "general practitioner". He/she is knowledgeable about folkloric modalities and is usually well versed in the use of medicinal herbs
• Hilot


  The manghihilot specializes in techniques and treatments applicable to sprains, fractures, and masculoskeletal conditions. The magpapaanak gives prenatal visits and delivering babies, often they perform suob ritual
• Mangluluop


  Specializes in diagnostic techniques, usually referring to patients after diagnosis to the albularyo, medico, or manghihilot
• Medico


  A hybrid sort of crossover specialization. He/she merges age-old folkloric modalities with ingredients of western medicine – prescription medications, acupuncture, etc.
• Ethnomedicine


  The study of cross–cultural health systems which first came into use in the 1960s. It expanded its focus to include topics such as perceptions of the body, culture, and disability, and change in indigenous or "traditional" healing systems, especially as resulting from globalization
• Western biomedicine


  The healing approach based on modern Western science that emphasizes technology in diagnosing and treating health problems related to the human body
• Filipino system of diagnosis, prevention, healing, and health promotion

  • Diagnosis
  • Prevention
  • Healing
• Disease


  A biological health problem that is objective and universal, such as a bacterial or viral infection or a broken arm
• Illness


  Culturally specific perceptions and experiences of a health problem
• Illness - Awas (lumps/marks on the skin)


  • Cause - Pregnant women may have been denied food they desired or have been pressured to eat food she did not want, or she may have encountered a rude, drunk, or angry person (usually a man)
  • Prevention - Be considerate of pregnant women, make sure to give them the food they want, and behave with respect in their presence
• Illness - Sudden death of men


  • Cause - People believe that widow ghosts roam around in search of men who will be taken as 'husbands'
  • Prevention - Displaying wooden-carved phalluses in residential compounds to protect residents, especially boys, and men, from the "nightmare deaths" at the hands of malevolent "widow ghosts"
• Community healing


  Emphasizes the social context as a key component and which is carried out within the public domain
• Humoral healing


  Emphasizes balance among natural elements within the body
• In an informal sense, everyone is a "healer" because self-treatment is always the first consideration in dealing with a perceived health problem
• Some people become recognized as having special abilities to diagnose and treat health problems. Cross-cultural evidence indicates some common criteria of healers
• Medical pluralism


  Provides clients with a range of choices and enhances the quality of health. Enables contact between cultures to lead to a situation in which aspects of both cultures coexist. It refers to the presence/existence of multiple health systems within a society, or a government policy to promote the integration of local healing systems into biomedical practice