Opposition to government

• When was the Spartacist Uprising?


  January, 1919.
• Who lead the Spartacist Uprising?

  Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg.
• When was the Kapp Putsch?

  March 1920.
• When was the Ruhr Uprising?


  March 1920.
• When was the Beer Hall Putsch?

  November 1923.
• What do some historians speculate the main weakness of the Weimar Republic was?

  Lack of popular support for democracy.
• Why did the military leaders in 1918 and 1919 support a democratic constitution?

  To gain a fairer peace deal from the Allies.
• Why did Conservatives and Nationalists support Weimar democracy initially?

  To prevent a communist uprising.
• Why did Communists support democracy at times during the Weimar Republic?

  To prevent Germany returning to an authoritarian regime.
• When was the initial constitutional monarchy created in Germany?

  October 1918.
• Why did the soldiers mutiny at Kiel?

  They believed the Kaiser was using the Navy to undermine peace negotiations.
• When was the Kiel Mutiny?

  November 1918.
• The November 1918 crisis set up which type of government in industrial towns?

  Workers' councils and soviets.
• What did Ebert propose as Germany's government in November 1918?

  A democratic republic like France.
• What did Ebert order Gustav Noske to do?

  End the Spartacist uprising with the Free Corps.
• When was a Soviet Republic declared in Bavaria?

  March 1919.
• What happened in Bavaria in May 1919?

  The Soviet Republic was deposed by the Free Corps.
• What did many Germans associate the new Weimar Republic with?

  Humiliation in the First World War defeat.
• What did many Germans believe about politicians?


  They had betrayed Germany and were working against the interests of Germany.
• What event compounded the 'stab in the back' myth?

  The Treaty of Versailles.
• How did the majority of Germans view the ToV?

  As profoundly unjust.
• Which territory did Germany lose to France as a result of the ToV?

  Alsace-Lorraine.
• Which territory did Germany lose to Denmark as a result of the ToV?

  Schleswig.
• What was the result of the creation of the Polish Corridor?

  1 million Germans under Polish control.
• What happened to Germany's colonies as a result of the ToV?

  They were transferred to control of the League of Nations.
• Which clause of the ToV did the Germans particularly object to?

  'War guilt' clause.
• What were German reparations fixed at in 1921?

  132,000 million gold marks.
• Why did Germans view the loss of land as unjust?

  German land had not been invaded during the war.
• How did many Germans view their empire?


  As a way to assert Germany as a world power.
• Why did many Germans feel reparations were unjust?

  They believed they were fighting a defensive war.
• Why were Germans against demilitarisation?


  It punished men who had fought bravely in the war.
• What was the first right wing challenge to Weimar democracy?

  1920 Kapp Putsch.
• What was the immediate cause of the Kapp Putsch?

  The implementation of the disarmament clauses.
• How many members of the Free Corps marched on Berlin in the Kapp Putsch?

  12,000.
• How was the Kapp Pustch defeated?

  A general strike from the unions.
• How long did the Kapp Putsch last?

  4 days.
• Why were those responsible for the Kapp Putsch punished leniently?

  The judicary was conservative in Weimar Germany.
• What was the response to the Kapp Putsch from the left?

  Workers in Saxony attacked Free Corps units.
• How large was the workers' army in the Ruhr Uprising?

  50,000.
• Why was the reliance on the Free Corps a worry for the Weimar Government?

  The Free Corps actively supported the Kapp Putsch and hated democracy.