ADENOVIRUS

• The virus enters via the nasopharyngeal, oral, and conjunctival routes; initial infections occurs in tonsils, and then is spread to regional lymph nodes and to the blood. 

• Adenoviruses are relatively stable in the environment but are inactivated easily by common disinfectants.
• Compromising viruses that infect only mammalian species, including bats, dogs, ruminants, horses, humans, swine, and mice.

  Mastadenovirus
• Compromising viruses that infect only birds.

  Aviadenovirus
• Viruses that infect a broad host range, including reptiles, birds, opossums, and ruminants.

  Atadenovirus
• Includes adenoviruses of birds, reptiles, and amphibians.

  Siadenovirus
• Includes adenoviruses of fish.

  Ichtadenovirus
• A sixth genera, Testadenovirus, is proposed to include adenoviruses from turtles.
• Adenoviruses replicate in the nucleus, and their replication is facilitated by extensive modulation of the host immune response.
• Infectious Canine Hepatitis, a systemic disease caused by canine adenovirus 1, is also an important pathogens of foxes, wolves, coyotes, skunks, and bears.