funda

• Man is a Biopsychosocial and spiritual being who is in constant c-ontact with the environment 
• Physiological/ Physical/ Biological

  • Genetic makeup, age, developmental level, race, sex
  • Strongly influence health status and health practice
• Psychological dimension

  • Feelings, affect and person’s ability to express
  • Beliefs in one’s worth
  • It makes a man unique from others
• Social 

  • Concerns the sense of having support available for family and friends, practices, values beliefs that determine health
  • Culture, age groups, social status, educational status
• Spiritual

  • Refers to the recognition and ability to practice moral or religious principles
• Sexual dimension

  • Acceptance and ability to achieve satisfactorily expression of one’s sexuality 
• Man According to Martha Rogers 

  • Man is a unified whole composed of parts which are interdependent and interrelated with each other 
  • It is composed of parts which are greater than and different from the sum of all its parts
• Health- a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity (WHO)
• Wellness- an integrated method of functioning which is oriented toward maximizing the potential of which the individual is capable
• Well-being- subjective feeling of vitality and feeling well
• Disease- alteration of body functioning resulting in a reduction of capacities/ shortening of lifespan
• Illness- absence of health, subjective, feeling of being ill
• Health status- state of health at a given time
• Health behavior- health actions people take

   
• The Health and Illness Continuum (Dunn)

  • Describes the interaction of the environment with wellbeing and illness
• Health Belief Model (Becker, 1975)

  • Describes the relationship between a person’s belief and behavior. 
  • Individual’s perception and modifying factors may influence health beliefs and preventive health behavior
• • Individual Perceptions

     • Perceived susceptibility to an illness

     • Perceived seriousness of an innless

     • Perceive threat to an illness
• Health is a state of being free of signs and symptoms of disease and illness.
• Health is the absence of illness
• Clinical Model views people as physiologic system with related functions and identifies health as the absence of signs and symptoms of disease and injury
• Role performance Model Defines health in terms of individual’s ability to fulfill societal roles such as performing work
• Adaptive model Focuses on adaptation. Views health as creative process; and disease as a failure in adaptation of mal-adaptation.
• Three interactive factors that affect health and illness Host Agent Environment
• Agent- any factor or stressor that can lead to illness or disease
• Host- Person who may or may not be affected by disease
• Environment- any factor external to the host that may or may not predispose the person to a certain disease
• Primary Prevention- to encourage optimal health and to increase the person’s resistance to illness. Seeks to prevent a disease or condition a prepathological state; stops something from ever happening.
• Secondary Prevention- focuses on early detection and prompt treatment of diseases
• Tertiary Prevention-  begins after an illness is diagnosed and treated to reduce disability and to help rehabilitate patients to a maximum level of functioning
• Primary Prevention

  • Quit Smoking
  • Avoil/Limit alcohol intake
  • Exercise regularly
  • Eat-well balance Diet
  • Reduce fat in Diet
  • Increase fiber in Diet
  • Increase fluid intake
  • Avoid over exposure to sunlight
  • maintain ideal weight
  • Complete immunization Program
  • Wear hazard devices in work sites
• Secondary Prevention

  • Annual physical Examination
  • Regular pap’s test to women (20 years old and above)
  • Sputum Exam (Tuberculosis)
  • Annual stool guaiac test and rectal exam (50 years old and above)
• Tertiary Prevention

  • Self-monitoring of Blood Glucose
  • Physical theraphy after stroke
  • attending self management education for diabetes
  • undergoing speech therapy after laryngectomy
• Symptom experience

  • Transition stage
  • The person believes something is wrong
  • Experience some symptoms
• • Physical (fever, muscle aches, malaise, headache)
• • Cognitive (perception of having flu)
• • Emotional (wory on consequences of illness)
• Dependent Patient Role

  • The person becomes a client depended on health professionals for help
  • Accept reject health professionals suggestions
  • Becomes more passive and accepting
• Recovery/ Rehabilitation

  • Gives up the sick role and returns to former roles and function 
•  The spread of an infection within a community is described as a “chain,” several interconnected steps that describe how a pathogen moves about
•  Infection control and contact tracing are meant to break the chain, preventing a pathogen from spreading.