Pmls 2 lesson 2

• infection


  happens when a microorganism invades the body, survives, multiplies, and causes injury or disease
• pathogens


  are disease-causing microbes which can be classified as bacteria, fungi, protozoa, or virus.
• communicable infection &nosocomial and healthcare-associated infection


  two classification of infection
• communicable infection


  it is an infection that spread from

  person to person
• nosocomial and healthcare associated infections


  caused by infected personnel, patient, visitors, food, drugs, or equipment while the patient is in the hospital or other healthcare facilities
• infectious agents, reservoir, exit pathway, means of transmission, entry pathway, and susceptible host


  six links of the chain of infection
• infectious agents


  pathogenic microbe such as virus, bacteria, fungus, protozoa, and rickettsia
• reservoir


  it is the source of infectious agents or place where microbe could grow, survive and multiply
• exit pathway


  it is the way or manner wherein an infectious agent could leave the reservoir host
• means of transmission


  airborne, direct and indirect contact, droplets, vector and vehicle
• direct contact


  touching or kissing
• indirect contact


  contaminated objects
• droplet


  coughing or sneezing
• vector


  insects, anthropod, or animals
• vehicle


  food, water, and drugs
• entry pathway


  a way an infectious agent enter the host such as body orifices, mucus membrane and break in the skin
• susceptible host


  someone who is prone to infection
• hand hygiene


  is an essential part of the standard precaution in the healthcare setting because it is an effective way to prevent infections that can be transmitted from patients and healthcare personnel during the procedures
• routine handwashing and hand antisepsis


  Two methods of hand hygiene
• routine hand washing


  • uses plain soap and water

  • when hands are visibly dirty

  • after known exposure to clostridium difficile, bacillus anthracis, and infectious diarrhea during norovirus outbreaks

  • before eating

  • after using the restroom
• hand antisepsis


  use of an antimicrobial soap or alcohol-based hand sanitizer to remove transient microorganisms
• 20 secs


  put the hand sanitizer on hand and rub it for about _____ or until it feels dry
• PPE


  is kept clean and worn to protect the healthcare worker from splashes of blood and other specimen during patient-care activities
• donning


  wearing of ppe
• doffing


  Removing PPE
• Blood borne pathogens


  in clinical lab, healthcare workers may be exposed to _______ by needlestick and other diseases caused by sharp objects
• BBP


  microorganism in human blood that are infectious and can cause diseases
• Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, HIV


  most common BBP
• 1:10 bleach


  is commonly used for surface decontamination
• biohazard


  are any material that can be harmful to one's health
• biosafety


  are used to prevent and protect clinical

  labs from harmful incidents by laboratory specimen that are potential biohazard
• airborne


  from splashes and aerosols during centrifuge or aliquot; patients with airborne disease
• ingestion


  hands are not sanitized before handling food
• non-intact skin


  contamination through breaks or cuts in the skin
• percutaneous


  exposure through the skin due to injuries by needlestick and other sharp objects
• permucosal


  exposure through the mucous membrane in the nose and mouth, and the conjunctiva of the eyes
• class A


  fire is caused by ordinary combustible materials
• Class B


  fire is caused by flammable liquids and vapor
• Class C


  fire is caused by live electrical equipment
• class D


  fire caused by combustible and reactive metals