cu - 10

• Lips - Muscular folds that surround the mouth - Contain sensory receptors and are very sensitive
• 20 - deciduous (baby teeth)
• 32 - permanent teeth
• CN XII – hypoglossal control the tongue
• Sensory (taste) - CN VII
• CN IX - (facial &glossopharyngeal)
• Hard Palate - Forms the floor of the nasal cavity
• Soft Palate - Posterior to hard palate - Elevates during swallowing to prevent food and saliva from entering the nasopharynx.
• Uvula - Fleshy cone-like structure in the center of the soft palate - Prevents food from entering nasal passages
• Salivary Glands - Secrete saliva which contains amylase to convert starch to maltose
• Pallor - Anemia
• Cheilitis ●inflammation of lips●drying, and cracking●Dehydration
• Cheilosis ●fissures at corners of lips●Deficiency of B vitamins
• Halitosis ●Infections or gastrointestinal problems.●Poor oral hygiene
• Chancre ●Single, painless ulcer of primary syphilis
• Angioedema ●Allergic response based on client’s allergic stimulus
• Gum hyperplasia / Gingival hyperplasia - Eacan occur as a direct result of inflammation-often caused by plaque buildup on the teeth from food, bacteria, and poor hygiene practices
• Chronic gingivitis - pale or gray gingivae
• Inflamed, bleeding gingivae - Seen in patient with leukemia or with HIV
• Allergic stomatitis - Reddened, inflamed oral mucosa, sometimes accompanied by ulcerations
• Aphthous ulcer - Benign and non – contagious-“Singaw”
• Leukoplakia - White, adherent mucosal thickening that can progress to cancer
• Geographic tongue - a normal variation-map-like appearance on the upper surface and side of the tongue
• Glossitis ˃ occurs when the tongue becomes inflamed,due to infections, allergic reactions, and injuries, among other causes
• Red Beefy Tongue - Seen in patients with pernicious anemia (VitaminB12 deficiency)
• Gray membrane / adherent material - Pharyngeal Diphtheria
• Tonsils - are type of lymphatic tissues or lymphoid tissues and is one of the immune systems, first line of defense against ingested foreign substances
• Peritonsillar Abscess - most common complication of your chronic tonsillitis
• Lymphoid cobblestoning - irritated intact with visible bumps or lumps at the back caused by enlarged lymphatic tissue
• 1+ - tonsil extends to arches
• 2+ - tonsil extend just beyond arches
• 3+ tonsil approximate the uvula
• 4+ - tonsil meet midline "kiss"
• Nostrils / Vestibules - Provide access to the nasopharynx through structured lines with mucous membranes
• Nasal Mucosa - Ciliated epithelium cells with goblet cells produce mucus, which traps bacteria and air pollutants.
• Nasal Septum - Composed of the ethmoid bone and vomer, divides the nasal cavities
• Turbinates - Bony conchae (folds) of the internal nasal walls that increase the surface area for air to be filtered,warmed, and humidified before entering the lungs
• Olfactory Nerve - CN I
• Nasal flaring ● Suggests respiratory distress, especially in infants, who are obligatory nose breathers
• Clear, bilateral drainage - Cerebrospinal fluid leak