(TLE 9) Masonry

• is a professional who builds structures like walls of a residential building using materials such as bricks, concrete blocks, or natural stones.

  mason
• deals with bricks, blocks, and stones, among others. incorporating _ in buildings signify strength, quality, and substance.

  masonry
• is used to join materials together

  mortar
• is a term used when laying bricks

  bond
• is a binding element

  cement
• is responsible for making the consistency of the mortar creamier making the output more elastic.

  lime
• contains dry mixtures of cement and lime

  pre-mixed cement
• is the main component in mortar mixture. it influences the quality of the mortar

  sand
• is done in a concrete mixture. the materials are usually mixed for two to three minutes

  mechanical mixing
• is done in a clean wheelbarrow or on an mixing board. mix fold the materials together.

  hand mixing
• is a space that provides shelter, privacy, security, and comfort to occupants and contents

  building
• is also called foundation.

  substructure
• is in between substructure and superstructure.

  plinth
• is the opposite of substructure. it is located above ground level

  superstructure
• must be constructed on a good and solid ground in order to resist natural elements such as earthquakes

  foundation
• is constructed just above the ground and is done immediately after laying the foundation

  plinth
• is simply a water-resistant layer material. it prohibits the movement of moisture through walls and floors

  damp proof course
• is constructed depending on the nature of the soil and the type of the building structure. this provides stability to the building

  plinth beam
• can be constructed using different materials such as wood or concrete

  floor
• create divisions of interior spaces. is where the roof rests

  walls
• such as doors, windows, and ventilators are provided.

  openings
• are constructed and located above the openings

  lintels
• are part of the wall and are constructed and located below the window

  sills
• is a sequence of steps between floors and landings

  stairs
• is a space or opening occupied by the stair

  stairway
• is an apartment or room of a building in which the stair is located

  staircase
• is either stick built, trussed, or a combination of the two. it provides protection for the building, occupants, and others

  roof
• protect the structure from weathering. they give aesthetic beauty to the building and provide durability

  building finishes
• is used for flooring, topping, pointing, and plastering work

  mortar
• is a mixture of aggregates and paste, or rocks

  concrete
• is all about the craftmanship of bricklayers in placing mortar into bricks and perfectly arranging those bricks

  brick masonry
• refers to the arrangement of bricks

  bonding
• are durable and strong. like brick masonry, stones should be wet before use

  stone masonry
• is constructed using irregular shapes and sizes of stones

  rubble masonry
• is finely cut with suitable shapes and sizes

  ashlar masonry
• is applied immediately after placing and finishing concrete

  curing
• is the most commonly practiced method. it is a system that is most proper and suitable for house construction

  water curing
• is recommended for curing horizontal surfaces such as floors and roof slabs. this is done by covering the surface with canvas

  ponding method
• is usually used in sophisticated industrial plants

  steam curing
• is the process of covering rough surfaces of ceilings, columns, walls, and other building component with thin coat of mortar in order to form a smooth, durable surface

  plastering