Gender socialisation

• By Sutherland
• Boys are socialised to be more risk-taking and tough
• More control/supervision on girls
• Boys are more inclined and have more opportunity
• Cohen- boys have less access to fathers and then rebel against socialisation from mothers. Masculinity in peer group - deviance
• Toughness, aggression leads to criminality
• Male dominated society
• Heidensohn- social spheres
• Women in work- glass ceiling
• Public sphere- public fear
• Double Jeopardy
• Girls socialise at home- sleepovers
• Domestic role of adult women
• Stats show women are committing more crime
• Pollack- chivalry thesis
• Carlen - less imprisonment if you're a 'good mother'
• Males commit more serious crime but would get off lighter than a women who did the same because men are not going against gender roles
• Testosterone and aggressive behaviour (biological)

  Dabbs:

  • 9/11 inmates with low testosterone commit non-violent crime
  • 10/11 with high testosterone committed violent crime
• Oestradiol promote empathy, higher in women
• Eriksson- 44 men vs control. history of alcohol related aggression. Negative correlation between oestradiol level and testosterone related physical violent aggression