Short Parliament and the Second Bishop's War

• Charles recalled Wentworth from Ireland in 1639 and was to become the Earl of Strafford-

  Wentworth thought he could manipulate the English MPs
• Charles called the Short Parliament in 1640 in order to raise money to fight war. Finch was appointed Lord Keeper who was wildly unpopular with MPs (3 Resolutions, Hampden Case)
• In the Short Parliament, the King wanted the subsidies first and then he would listen to grievances
• Pym emerged as the leader of the opposition to Charles in the Short Parliament. He performed a 2 hour long speech which addressed the nations grievance's.

  He was motivated by the threat to the 'ancient constitution' (such as the collection of Ship Money)
• Charles offered to give up Ship Money if the Short Parliament agreed to grant 12 subsidies (never granted before) but it quickly became clear that this would not satisfy MPs as he did not offer it soon enough
• Charles closed the Short Parliament in May 1640 due to not granting the king the money he wanted before dressing grievances
• The Puritan MPs sympathised with the Presbyterian. As a result they overlooked the charge of treason from the letter the Scots sent to the King of France
• The Etcetera Oath caused particular tension with Puritans as it emphasises the use of episcopacy rather than personal interpretation of the bible
• Charles ordered a muster of his troops in York in order to prepare for the Second Bishops War. However these men were untrained, poorly fed and poorly disciplined

  For example, two (Catholic) officers were killed by their own men
• The Scots mounted a pre-emptive strike to start the Second Bishop's War with 20,000 men. Leslie simply bypassed Berwick and marched straight for Newcastle
• The English army had poor leadership in the Second Bishops War due to Northumberland being ill
• Newcastle was important for supplying London with coal. When the Scots invaded Conway decided that it was defenceless so the Scots took it.
• Faced with London receiving no coal and needing times to recover forces- Charles had no choice but to negotiate at the Treaty of Ripon