wwi

• Nationalism


  a devotion to the interests + culture of one's nation
• Allies


  consisted of Great Britain, France, and Russia—later the U.S. joined
• Central Powers


  consisted of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire
• How did militarism threaten the peace in early 20th-century Europe?


  competition for larger navies caused an arms race btwn. major countries
• Why did Germany's initial invasion of France in 1914 stall?


  the Allies dug trenches to prevent giving up more land
• Why did economic interest make it unlikely that the United States would stay neutral in World War 1?


  U.S. businesses sold war materials to the Allies
• Why did popular opinion in the United States start to turn against Germany in 1915?


  German U-boats attacked ships containing U.S. citizens
• Why was the U.S. public outraged by the Zimmerman note?


  Germany offered help regaining U.S. territory in exchange for Mexico becoming an ally
• Eddie Rickenbacker


  pilot of WWI; repeatedly fought the dreaded Flying Circus (a German air squadron led by the "Red Baron—Manfred von Richthofen" + had the most air battle victories)
• Selective Service Act (May 1917)


  required men to register w/ the gov. in order to be randomly selected for military service ~ end of 1918: 24M men had registered under the act + 3M were called up
• American Expeditionary Act (AEF)


  first U.S. troops who arrived in France in late June 1917 from the regular army, National Guard, & a new larger force of volunteers & draftees
• conscientious objector


  a person who opposes warfare on moral grounds pointing out that the Bible says, "Thou shall not kill."
• armistice


  a truce which ended the war in November of 1918
• How was the United States gov. able to mobilize people to fight in WWI?


  required young men to register for military service
• How was the United States ill-prepared to fight in WWI?


  lacked weapons + army was very small
• How did U.S. soldiers change the course of the war in 1917?


  They drove back the German army by going on the offensive
• How did the U.S. Navy protect the transport of war materials + personnel across the Atlantic Ocean during World War I?


  laid mines in the North Sea + used the "convoy system" to escort merchant ships btwn. the U.S. & Europe
• War Industries Board (WIB)


  a board established in 1917 that encouraged companies to use mass-production techniques to inc. efficiency, urged them to eliminate waste by standardizing products *industrial production increased by 20%*)
• Committee on Public Information (CPI)


  the head of CPI (George Creel) encouraged the nation's artist & advertising agencies create propaganda by using paintings, posters, cartoons, & sculptures to promote the war
• The FLU Pandemic


  an international flu pandemic that affected about 1/4 of the U.S. population that killed over 500k Americans before it disappeared in 1919
• How did World War I affect the role of the federal gov?


  the gov. controlled much of the national economy
• How did the United States raise most of the money to pay for fighting World War I?


  by selling war bonds
• What was the purpose of the Espionage and Sedition Acts?


  to suppress anti-war speech + activities
• What 2 aspects attracted many African Americans to the North during the Great Migration?


  escape racial discrimination + job opprts. in steel mills, munitions plants, & stockyards
• 14 Points


  a plan Woodrow Wilson presented to Congress as his vision for the postwar world in which he believed had to be addressed to prevent another war
• self-determination


  the right of people to choose their own political status—ex. independent Poland would be created from German & Russian territory
• League of Nations


  would provide a forum for nations to discuss & settle their differences without having to resort to war
• George Clemenceau


  French premier who wanted to take revenge on & punish Germany
• David Lloyd George


  British prime minister that wanted to achieve "just" peace to make Germany pay while also leaving them strong enough to trade
• Treaty of Versailles


  ended WWI; established 9 nations, barred Germany from maintaining an army, made Germany pay reparations to Allies ($33B), & forced Germany to admit sole responsibility
• Henry Cabot Lodge


  conservative senator; rejected the League of Nations --> felt it threatened the U.S. foreign policy of isolationism & the joint economic/military action against aggression—they wanted the constitutional right of Congress to declare war in the treaty
• What are the first 5 goals of Wilson's 14 Points?


  no secret treaties bwtn. countries, freedom of the seas, lower tariffs btwn. countries, countries should reduce their arms, interests of the colonial people should be considered
• What were the rest of Wilson's points?

  6-13: suggested new boundaries, 14: League of Nations
• How did the Treaty of Versailles treat Germany following World War I?


  forced Germany to pay damages to the Allies & admit guilt
• What was the lasting effect of World War I on the U.S.?


  the U.S. b/c a military & economic world power