Science

• Thermal Energy is the total kinetic energy of all particles in an object.
• Higher temperature= faster moving particles and higher moving thermal Energy
• Lower temperature= slower moving particles and lower thermal energy.
• Thermal Equilibrium

  Two system are in thermal Equilibrium when their temperatures are equal. Heat transfer stops when thermal Equilibrium, where particles continue to move but net energy transfer is zero.
• Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object.
• Higher temperature= faster moving particles
• Lower temperature= slower moving particles.
• Temperature can be measured different scales such as Celsius, Farenheit, and Kelvin.
• Conduction is heat transfer by direct object. Molecules vibrate and transfer energy to neighboring molecules. Metals are good conductors of heat and insulators are poor conductors of heat.
• Convection is a heat transfer by the movement of fluids. Hot fluid rises and cool fluid sinks. Creates circular flow of fluid. Important for weather patterns and ocean currents.
• Radiation is heat transfer by electromagnetic wave. Does not require matter to travel. Can travel through a vacuum. Sun warms earth by radiation.
• Plato and Euclid- believed that the light was something given off by the eye, making things visible when struck by it.
• Aristotle - something non material that goes through space between the eye and object seen.
• Phythagoras- considered light to be rays coming from the eyes, which upon striking an object, make object visible.
• Empedocles- asserted light to be very high-speed wave.
• Light is type of electromagnetic radiation that allows the human eye to see or makes object visible.
• The speed of light in a vacuum is 299,792,458 m/s or 3×10⁸ m/s- considered a universal constant.
• It can be deflected upon passing from one medium to another is called refraction.
• It can be bounced in surfaced called reflection.
• Rectilinear propagation of light is a proper of light traveling.
• Eclipse is a natural phenomenon that exhibits rectilinear propagation of light from the sun.
• Shadows are formed when an opaque object is placed in the path of light.