LEC

• lipos


  meaning fat in greek
• Lipids


  organic substances, non-polar compounds, soluble in organic solvents
• Lipids contain C,H,O greater than 2:1 ratio of H:O CnH2nO2
• most membrane lipids are amphipathic, having a non-polar end and a polar end
• Lipids' building blocks are fatty acids and glycerol
• Lipids are structural components of the cell membrane
• Lipids are storage for of energy or energy source
• Lipids are regulators for vital organs
• Lipids serve as insulating materials and give shape and smooth appearance to the body
• Lipids are modulators of physiologic activity
• Lipids are source of fat-soluble vitamins
• 4 main groups of lipid: fatty acids, glycerides, non-glyceride lipids, and complex lipids
• Simple lipids on hydrolysis gives fatty acids and alcohol
• Triglycerides are fats and oil
• fats are solids under ordinary conditions; saturated fatty acids + glycerol
• oils are liquid under ordinary condition; unsaturated fatty acid + glycerol
• triglycerides are predominate form of fat in food and major storage form of fat in the body
• triglycerides are composed of 3 fatty acids + glycerol
• saponification happens when a triacylglycerol is hydrolyzed with a strong base
• NaOH is used with saturated fats to produce hard soaps
• KOH is used with unsaturated dats to produce softer liquid soaps
• waxes are esters of higher alcohol
• compound lipids those containing other radicals on hydrolysis gives phosphoric acid, various sugars, sphingosine, ethanolamine and serine in addition to fatty acids and glycerol
• Phospholipids


  contain H3PO4 and nitrogenous base,a class of lipids that are a major component of all cell membranes as they can form lipid bilayers.
• diglyceride


  a phosphate group, and a simple organic molecule such as choline
• Lecithin


  choline as nitrogenous base
• glycolipids


  help determine the blood group of an individual  in regards to blood grouping, glycolipids act as receptors at the surface of the red blood cell
• lipoproteins


  are lipids encased in a water-soluble protein shell . Our blood contains several types of lipoproteins, which can be separated based upon their density (lipid to protein ratio)
• chylomicrons


  Function: carry dietary triglycerides from intestines to other tissues
• chylomicrons

  Function: carry dietary triglycerides from intestines to other tissues
• very low density lipoproteins


  Function: carry triglycerides from liver
• low density lipoproteins


  Function: carry cholesterol to peripheral tissues
• high density lipoproteins


  Function: carry cholesterol peripheral tissues to liver
• derived lipids


  are the substances derived from simple and compound lipids by hydrolysis
• fatty acids


  • consist of a hydrocarbon chain with a carboxylic acid at one end
  • building blocks of most lipids
  • vary in length and degree of saturation and generally are up to 26 carbons long.
  • the polyunsaturated fatty acids contain more than 1 double bond
  • double bonds in fatty acids usually have the cis configuration
  • most naturally occurring fatty acids have an even number of carbon atoms
• saturated fatty acids


  contain no C=C double bonds. (Saturated = bonded to the maximum number of these belong to the acetic series and have general formula of C2H2nO2.
• Palmitic acid and stearic acid


  which have 16 and 18 carbons respectively, are the two most abundant saturated fatty acids
• The first part of the name indicates the number of carbon atoms present and the ending ANOIC implies that the acid is saturated
• • the ending ENOIC means a double bond and the prefix 9 and 12th indicate that the double bond exists between the 9th and 12th carbons
• Mufa :contain carbon to carbon double bonds.