Life science term 1

• organic compounds


  Compounds that contain carbon that are covalently bonded to either hydrogen oxygen or nitrogen
• all living things are made up of organic compounds
• what are the main elements of organic compounds

  
  

  hint: chloe likes purple naarjties


  carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids
• inorganic compounds


  A compound that does not contain the element carbon or contains carbon bound to elements other than hydrogen.
• The difference between organic and inorganic compounds

  organic is for living inorganic is for non-living
• give examples of inorganic compounds

  water, salt, carbon dioxide
• main functions of water


  -acts as universal solvent and transport medium

  -as part of blood, helps transport oxygen, nutrients, hormones to cells

  -as part of interstitial fluid, helps transport waste products away from cells for excretion

  -maintain body temperature

  -lubricant for joints, eyes; part of mucus and saliva

  -protective cushion for brain, organs, fetus
• dietary minerals


  are elements that living organisms need to live and maintain their health
• give examples of macronutrients

  
  

  hint: CMPPSS


  calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, Sulphur, sodium,
• give examples of micronutrients

  
  

  hint: inky ink zebras

  iodine, iron, zinc
• Monomers


  A chemical subunit that serves as a building block of a polymer.
• Polymers


  chains of monomers
• Monosaccharides


  glucose, fructose, galactose
• Monosaccharides are


  the monomers of carbohydrates; the most common is glucose. It is used as a direct energy source.
• dissacharides are


  A sugar containing two monosaccharides. Example: sucrose which is fructose + glucose.
• Polysaccharides are


  many monosaccharides linked together
• Polysaccharides examples


  starch, glycogen, cellulose
• simple carbohydrates (sugars)


  monosaccharides and disaccharides
• fertiliser/fertilizer


  a chemical or natural substance added to soil or land to increase its fertility
• inorganic fertlizers


  nitrates and phosphates
• Eutrophication


  excessive richness of nutrients in a lake or other body of water, frequently due to runoff from the land, which causes a dense growth of plant life and death of animal life from lack of oxygen.
• process of eutrophication


  1. Excess nutrients are washed into water bodies, this includes nitrate ions which stimulate rapid growth.

  
  

  2. Algal bloom occurs, covering the surface of the water body.

  
  

  3. The algae respires, using oxygen and the bloom blocks light from plants, killing them.

  
  

  4. The plants die due to lack of light.

  
  

  5. The lack of photosynthesis combined with the decomposers breaking down the plants (which aerobically respire), hugely decreases the oxygen content in the water.

  
  

  6. Oxygen reaches critical point, fish and other organisms can't survive, only anaerobic respiring bacteria survive, the water body is dead.
• Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723)


  Invented the microscope
• light microscope


  microscope that uses a beam of light passing through one or more lenses to magnify an object
• electron microscope


  a microscope that focuses a beam of electrons to magnify objects
• Parts of a light microscope

  -eyepiece

  -coarse adjustment knob (large)

  -fine adjustment knob (small)

  -high + low power objective lenses

  -stage

  -light
• Two types of electron microscopes

  transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM)
• transmission electron microscope


  used to study the internal structure of cells
• scanning electron microscope


  a microscope that produces an enlarged, three-dimensional image of an object by using a beam of electrons rather than light
• difference between STEM and TEM


  TEM, alive or dead STEM, dead
• how to do a wet mount

  Suspend the specimen in liquid, place cover slip on from an angle
• millimeters into micrometers


  multiply by 100
• cell theory


  idea that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, and new cells are produced from existing cells
• people who created the concept of cells

  
  

  hint: roses are red purses that read

  Robert hook, Anton van Leuwenhoek, Robert brown, Purkinjean, Theodore Schwan, Rudolf Virchow
• What do plants contain that animal cells don't

  plastids
• animal cells contain


  lysosomes and centrioles
• Lysosomes


  a vesicles containing enzymes
• Diffusion


  Movement of oxygen molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
• Osmosis


  the movement of water molecules from a region of high concentration to low concentration
• cell cycle


  DNA replication and cell division