intro to healthcare (prefinals)

• four basic rules


  1.call for medical help immediately
• four basic rules


  1.call for medical help immediately

  2. bring help to the victim, not the other way around

  3. check the ABCDE

  4. do no harm
• Four basic rules of first aid

  • Call for medical help immediately
  • Bring help to the victim not the other way around
  • Check the ABCDE (airway, breathing, circulation, disability, exposure)
  • Do no harm
• Assess the scene


  1. Evaluate the scene

  2. Assess safety

  3. Prioritize care

  4. Check for medical alert tags

  5. Do head-to-toe check

  6. Move only if necessary
• Principles of first aid

  • Preserve life
  • Prevent deterioration
  • Promote recovery
  • Take immediate action
  • Calming down the situation
  • Calling for medical assistance
  • Apply the relevant treatment
• No breathing


  1. Administer CPR

  2. Lay the person on his/her back

  3. Give chest compressions

  4. Tilt head slightly

  5. Breathe into the person's mouth

  6. Continue until EMS personnel arrive
• Bleeding


  1. Stop the flow of blood

  2. Wear gloves

  3. Cover the wound

  4. Apply pressure

  5. If a body part has been amputated, put it on ice
• Shock


  1. Lay the victim down

  2. Cover

  3. Raise feet
• Anaphylactic shock


  1. Give the victim medication

  2. Call for help ASAP

  3. Start CPR if necessary
• Heart attack


  1. Call 911

  2. Make victim comfortable

  3. Loosen tight clothing

  4. Check for medication

  5. Keep victim still

  6. Don't give stimulants
• Choking


  1. Ask a person to speak or cough

  2. Deliver 5 back blows

  3. Perform abdominal thrusts

  4. Repeat sequence of back blows and abdominal thrusts

  5. If abdominal thrusts don't work, call 911, finger sweep, abdominal thrusts, check ABCs, perform CPR if not breathing
• Drowning


  1. Goal is to remove obstructions and give artificial respiration

  2. Turn the victim face down with head to one side and arms stretched beyond his head. Infants/children could be helped upside down for a short period

  3. Raise the middle part of the body with your hands around the belly to draw out water from the lungs

  4. Give artificial respiration

  5. Remove wet clothing

  6. Keep body warm

  7. When conscious, give hot drinks

  8. Don't let them sit up
• Electrical shock


  1. Don't touch!

  2. Turn power off

  3. Call 911

  4. Remove person from live wire

  5. Check for breathing
• Eye injuries


  • Splashes
  • Particles in eye
  • Blow to eye
  • Cuts near eye
  • Penetrating objects
• Burns


  • First degree burns - reddened, painful skin
  • Second degree burns - blistering
  • Third degree burns - charring, deep tissue damage
• Exposure to hazardous materials

  • Eyes
  • Skin
  • Inhalation
  • Ingestion
• Broken bones


  1. Look

  2. Ask

  3. Treat for shock
• Heat exhaustion


  1. Move to cool place

  2. Lay victim down

  3. Elevate feet

  4. Loosen clothing

  5. Give fluids

  6. Apply cool compresses
• Heatstroke


  1. Immediately call 911

  2. Cool the person down

  3. Monitor
• Fainting


  1. Check for breathing

  2. Administer CPR if necessary

  3. Call 911 if more than a few minutes
• Epileptic seizures


  1. Remove victim from hazards

  2. Check for breathing

  3. Nothing in the mouth

  4. Keep comfortable

  5. Call 911 if medical assistance is needed
• Golden rules of first aid

  • Do first things first quickly, quietly, and without panic
  • Artificial respiration if breathing has stopped
  • Stop bleeding
  • Guard/Treat for shock by handling them gently
  • Do not attempt too much
  • Reassure to lessen anxiety
  • Do not allow to crowd
  • Only remove clothes if necessary
  • Have the casualty be moved to be cared for ASAP
• Medical emergencies can happen anytime
• Act quickly, calmly, and correctly