Nursing Profession

• Profession – is defined as an occupation that

  requires extensive education or calling that

  requires special knowledge, skill, and preparation.
• Criteria of a Profession

  To provide a needed to service the society

  To advanced knowledge on its field

  To protect its members and made it possible to practice

  effectively
• Human response is a way of looking at how individuals,

  families or communities react to all areas of life that

  influence and impact them.
• 1. Nursing is caring

  2. Nursing involves close personal contact with the recipient of care

  3. Nursing is concerned with services that take humans

  into account as physiological, psychological, and sociological organisms

  4. Nursing is committed to personalized services for all

  persons without regard to color, creed, social, or economic status
• 5. Nursing is committed in promoting individual, family,

  community, and national health goals in its best manner possible

  6. Nursing is committed to involvement in ethical, legal, and political issues in the delivery of health care.
• Nurse Focus on Two Types of Responses

  1. Reactions to actual health problems or illness (health-restoring responses)

  2. Concerns about potential health problems (health-supporting responses)
• A professional nurse therefore, is a person who has

  completed a basic nursing education program and is

  licensed in his country to practice professional nursing.
• FIRST COLLEGES OF NURSING IN THE PHILIPPINES

  University of Santo Tomas College of Nursing

  February 11, 1941 – the college began as the UST School of

  Nursing education
• 2. Manila Central University College of Nursing

  1947, offered the BSN course
• 3. University of the Philippines College of Nursing

  The idea of opening the college began in conference

  between Miss Julita Sotejo and the UP president Gonzales

  1946, the university council approved the curriculum, and

  the Board of Regents recognized the profession as having

  equal standing as medicine, law, engineering, etc.

  Miss Julita Sotejo was its 1st Dean
• Ethics: The Components of Moral Knowledge

  Guides and directs how nurses conduct their practice

  Requires:

  Experiential knowledge of social values

  Ethical reasoning

  Focus is on:

  Matters on obligation, what ought to be done

  Right, wrong and responsibility

  Ethical codes of nursing

  Confronting and resolving conflicting values, norms,

  interests or principles
• Personal Knowing: Acceptance of self that is grounded in

  self-knowledge and confidence

  Concerned with becoming self-aware

  • self-awareness that grows over time through interactions

  with others.

  continuation

  Used when nurses engage in the therapeutic use of self in

  practice

  Scientific confidence, moral/ethical, practice, insight, and

  experiences of personal knowing
• AESTHETIC KNOWING: The art of knowing

  Expressed through:

  Actions, bearing, conduct, attitudes, narratives and interaction

  Knowing what to do without conscious deliberation

  Involves:

  Deep appreciation of the meaning of situation

  Moves beyond the surface of a situation

  Often shared without conscious exchange of words

  Transformative art/acts

  Brings together all the elements of a nursing care situation to create

  a meaningful whole

  Perceiving the
• EMPIRICS: The science of nursing, based on the

  assumption that what is known is accessible through the

  physical senses: seeing, touching, and hearing.

  Reality exists and truths about it can be understood

  A pattern of knowing that draws on traditional ideas of

  science

  Positivist Science

  Science is systematically organized into general laws and

  theories

  Source of the knowledge

  Research

  Theory
• Novice

  Beginner with experience

  Performance is limited, inflexible, and governed by

  context-free rules and regulations rather than experience
• II. Advance beginner

  Demonstrate marginally acceptable performance

  Recognizez the meaning “aspect” of a real situation

  Has experienced enough in real situations to make

  judgments about them
• III. Competent

  Have 2 or 3 years of experience

  Demonstrate organizational and planning abilities

  Differentiates important factors from less important aspects

  of care

  Coordinates multiple care demands
• IV. Proficient

  Have 3 or 5 years of experience

  Perceives situations as wholes rather than in terms of parts

  as in stage II

  Uses maxims as guides for what to consider in a situation

  Has holistic understanding of the client, which improves

  decision-making focuses on long term goals.
• IV. Expert

  Performance is fluid, flexible, and highly proficient

  No longer requires rules, guidelines, or maxims to connect

  an understanding of the situation to appropriate action

  Demonstrate highly intuitive and analytic ability in new

  situation is inclined to take action because “it felt right”
• CARE GIVER

  it has traditionally included hose activities that assist the

  client physically and psychologically while preserving the

  client’s dignity.
• COMMUNICATOR

  It is integral to all nursing roles. Nurses communicate with

  the client, support person, other health professional, and

  people in the community.
• TEACHER

  As a teacher, the nurse helps client learn about their

  health and the health care procedures they need to

  perform to restore or maintain their health.
• CHANGE AGENT

  The nurse as a change agent when assisting the client to

  make modification in their behavior. Nurses also often act to

  make changes in a system, such as clinical care . It is not

  helping a client return to health.
• CLIENT ADVOCATE

  A client advocate acts to protect the client. In this role

  nurse may represent the client’s needs and wishes to other

  health professionals, such as relaying the client’s wishes for

  information to the physician.
• COUNSELOR

  Counselling is the process of helping a client to recognize

  and cope with stressful psychological or social problems, to

  develop improved interpersonal relationships, and to

  promote personal growth.
• MANAGER

  the nurse manages the nursing care of individuals, families,

  and communities. The nurse manager also delegates nursing

  activities to ancillary workers and other nurses, and

  supervises and evaluates their performance
• LEADER

  a leader influences others to work together to accomplish a

  specific goal. The leader role can be employed at different

  levels: individual client, family, group of clients, colleagues,

  or the community.
• CASE MANAGER

  Nurse care managers work with the multidisciplinary health

  care team to measure the effectiveness of the care

  management plan and to monitor outcomes. Each agency or

  unit specify the role of the nurse case manager.
• RESEARCH CONSUMER

  nurses often use research to improve client care. in a

  clinical area, nurses need to have some awareness of the

  process and language of research. be sensitive to issues

  related to protecting the rights of human subjects.

  participate in the identification of significant researchable

  problems. be a discriminating consumer of research

  findings.
• CLINICAL NURSE SPECIALIST

  • a nurse who has an advanced degree or expertise and is considered to be an expert in a specialized area of practice. The nurse provides direct client care. Educates others, consults, conducts research, and manages care.
• NURSE MIDWIFE:


  an RN who has completed a program in midwifery and is certified by the American College of Nurse Midwives. The nurse

  gives prenatal and postnatal care and manages deliveries in

  normal pregnancies. The midwife practices in associated with a

  health care agency and can obtain medical services if

  complications occur. The nurse midwife may also conduct

  routine papnicolaou smears, family planning, and routine

  breast examinations.
• NURSE PRACTITIONER

  
  

  a nurse who has an advance education and is a graduate

  of a nurse practitioner program. Theses nurses are certified

  by the American Nurses Credentialing Center in areas such as

  adult nurse practitioner, school nurse practitioner, pediatric

  nurse practitioner, or gerontology practitioner, they are

  employed in helath care agencies or community-based

  settings. They usually deal with nonemergency acute or

  chronic illness and provide primary care.
• NURSE RESEARCHER

  • investigate nursing problems to improve nursing care and to refine and expand nursing knowledge. They are employed in academic institutions, teaching hospitals and research centers such as National Institute for Nursing Research. Nurse researchers usually have advance education at the doctoral level.
• NURSE ANESTHETIST

  
  

  a nurse who has completed advanced education in an

  accredited program in anesthesiology. The nurse anesthetist

  carries out preoperative visits and assessment, and administers

  general anesthetics for surgery under the supervision of a

  physician prepared in anesthesiology. The nurse anesthetist

  also assesses postoperative status of clients.
• NURSE ADMINISTRATOR


  manages client care, including the delivery of nursing services. The administrator may have a middle management position, such as head nurse or supervisor, or a more senior management position, such as director of nursing sevices. The functions of nurse administrator include budgeting, staffing, and planning programs. The educational preparation for nurse administrator positions is at least a master’s or doctoral degree
• Scope of Nursing Practice based on RA 9173

  Sec. 28 Scope of Nursing Practice – As independent

  practitioners, nurses are primarily responsible for the

  promotion of health and prevention of illness.
• Code of Ethics for Nurses

  The code of ethics is the philosophical ideals of right and

  wrong that define the principles you use to provide care to

  your clients. A code of ethics is a set of guiding principles

  that all members of a profession accept.
• ADVOCACY – refers to the support of a cue. As a nurse

  advocate for health, safety, and rights of the client.
• RESPONSIBILITY – refers to the willingness to respect

  obligations and to follow through on premises.
• ACCOUNTABILITY – refers to the ability answer for one’s own

  actions.