English

• Quotation


  Using the exact words of another author. Same meaning, same word order.
• Paraphrase


  Restating an idea in your own words. Same meaning, different words and order.
• The word "quote" is short for "quotation".
• Quotation


  • Uses quotation marks: " "
  • A quotation is the exact group of words said/written by someone, and it is repeated by another person using the same exact words.
• Paraphrasing


  • Rewriting or restating an idea using different words, different grammar, and different word order
  • A paraphrase has the same meaning as the original sentence and is about the same length
  • Sometimes called "citation" especially in formal writings
• Paraphrasing is done to make a sentence more understandable or to deliver the main idea of an original text in a more concise way.
• Properly including quotations and citations help support your ideas and improve the quality of your writing.
• You gain credibility as a trusted source by including quotations and citations.
• You provide sufficient and relevant evidence to support and explain your ideas & claims by including quotations and citations.
• You protect yourself from plagiarism accusations by including quotations and citations.
• You demonstrate the ability to include outside sources by including quotations and citations.
• Forms of writing where it is important to include quotations

  • Essays and compositions
  • Literary Response and Analysis Essays
  • Research Papers
  • Term Papers
• 4 ways to introduce quotations

  • With a complete sentence
  • With an explanatory phrase
  • With only short quotes in your sentence
  • With part of the quote paraphrased
• Introducing your quote in 4 ways

  1. Introduce your quote with a complete sentence

  2. Introduce your quote with an explanatory phrase

  3. Introduce with only short quotes in your sentences

  4. Introduce your quote by paraphrasing it
• Other verbs that can be used to introduce a quotation

  • According to
  • For example
  • For instance
• Summarizing


  Shortened form of the written text with only the highlights included
• Paraphrasing


  Reading over a text and interpreting it with your own words without changing the meaning. It almost has the equal length of the original text.
• Paraphrasing strategy

  1. Reread the original passage until you understand its full meaning

  2. Identify grammar structures and key words

  3. Change grammar structures

  4. Change words

  5. Change word order
• Paraphrasing is not just changing a few words. It is restating in your own words.
• Take notes! Do not copy the passage word-for-word (unless you want to quote it).
• Use bullet points when note-taking. You will have to formulate your own sentences.
• Make sure to include the source of the original passage so that you can make a proper reference later on.
• Term paper


  A paper where the student interprets and displays a clear understanding of the subject matter in the form of a five-section essay
• Term paper


  • Thesis statement contains complex points
  • Each body section is its own smaller essay
  • Thesis point introduced at beginning of each body section, argued and proved, tied to research question, then move to next section
  • Argument for each section well focused
  • Conclusion paragraph ties the three points together
• Purpose of term paper

  Pose a research question and answer it with a thesis statement, not a report about an event or other topic, but a series of arguments to prove the thesis statement
• Writing a term paper

  1. Choose a general topic

  2. Do basic research

  3. Narrow down topic

  4. Craft thesis statement

  5. Outline paper by parts and contents

  6. Write preface

  7. Write essay

  8. Write references
• Thesis statement


  Specific, arguable, contains main points of paper's argument, complex and weighs several factors, sections of paper must argue thesis statement consistently and logically
• Crafting thesis statement


  1. Choose research question

  2. Write initial answer

  3. Develop answer into detailed thesis statement
• Good thesis statement


  • Concise
  • Contentious
  • Coherent
• Outline of term paper

  • Title page
  • Preface
  • Introduction
  • Body section 1
  • Body section 2
  • Body section 3
  • Conclusion
  • References page
• Preface


  Where reader gets clear idea of topic, context, research question and thesis statement, stands independently of paper
• Essay


  • Clear thesis statement and systematic, logical argument of thesis
  • Well focused paragraphs
  • Order of thesis points consistent with thesis statement
  • Proofread for grammar, punctuation, spelling
  • Acronyms explained at first occurrence
  • APA citation and reference format followed
• References


  Used to indicate where information can be retrieved, only include texts cited, listed alphabetically, reference list on new page, first line left margin, subsequent lines indented, double-spaced
• Citing sources


  Tells where you found information, gives credit to others' ideas or words, allows reader to track down sources
• When to cite a source

  • When using someone else's words (with quotation marks)
  • When paraphrasing someone's original opinions or interpretations
  • When using someone's original research
• Common knowledge does not require citation