urine biochemical exam

• bromthymol blue @ pH 3.0 - albumin
• glucose oxidase/peroxidase - glucose
• hydrogen peroxide - blood
• sulfanilic acid & Na nitrite - bilirubin
• p-dimethyl amino benzaldehyde - urobilinogen
• hydroxybenzene quinolin & aromatic amine - nitrite
• indoxyl carboxylic acid ester - white cells
• sodium nitroprusside + NH4SO4 - ketones
• protein in the urine - albuminuria
• intact RBCs in the urine - hematuria
• excess sugar in the urine - glycosuria
• hemoglobin in the urine - hemoglobinuria
• total bilirubin in urine - bilirubinuria
• ketones in the urine - ketonuria
• WBCs & pus in the urine - pyuria
• bacteria in the urine - bacteriuria
• albuminuria is associated with glomerulonephritis
• a positive nitrite test is associated with urinary infection
• increased bilirubin & urobilinogen is associated with viral hepatitis
• myoglobinuria is associated with myasthenia gravis
• glucose & ketones in the urine are associated with diabetes mellitus
• albuminuria & waxy casts are associated with renal failure
• increased urine ketones is associated with a low carbohydrate diet
• WBCs & pus in the urine is associated with pyelonephritis
• a positive Clinitest result is associated with galactose intolerance
• backup method for pH - litmus or nitrizine paper
• backup method for ketones - sodium nitroprusside & NH4SO4
• backup method for specific gravity - T/S meter or refractometer
• backup method for protein - 3% sulfosalicylic acid
• backup method for clinitest - alkaline copper sulfate
• backup method for ictotest - sulfanilic acid & Na nitrite
• Urine reagent strip (dipstick) reactions for blood are based on: peroxidase-like activity of hemoglobin
• The principle of the back-up method for measurement of Specific Gravity is: ratio of refractive index (RI) of water to RI of urine
• False negative test results for Glucose with urine dipsticks can be caused by all of the following EXCEPT: detergents
• The indicators used in the biochemical analysis of urine for pH (dipstick & back-up methods) are: bromthymol blue & methyl red
• The principle of the back-up method for measurement of protein is: precipitation of protein with 3% SSA reagent
• The automated analyzer that uses reflectance photometry for measuring the color intensity of the biochemical reactions of urine is: Clinitek 100 series
• The principle of the dipstick reaction for protein is: error in the color of an indicator at pH 3.0
• The level of sensitivity of the dipstick method for blood is: 0-5 RBC/hpf
• Ketone bodies include: acetone, acetoacetic acid, B-hydroxybutyrate