Thermo physics

• What conclusion can be drawn from smoke particles moving on random paths

  Molecules move randomly in different directions with a range of speeds
• What conclusion can be drawn from smoke particles are visible but gas molecules are not

  Gas molecules are much smaller than the smoke particles
• What conclusion can be drawn from smoke particles changing directions after short distances

  A large number of gas molecules must be hitting the smoke particles on all sides
• Whats brownian motion

  The motion of smoke particles through a microscope
• Whats boyles law

  For a fixed mass of gas at a constant temperature, the pressure is inversely proportional to the volume
• Whats pressure law

  For fixed mass of gas at constant volume, absolute temp and pressure are proportional
• How do you get the number of moles (n)

  N=m/M (mass/molar mass)
• Whats internal energy

  The sum of the randomly distributed kinetic and potential energies of all molecules in a system
• Whats Absolute zero

  Lowest limit of temperature, where internal energy is minimum
• What happens if you increase the kinetic energy of a particle

  The temperature increases
• What happens if you increase the potential energy of a particle

  Leads to the change of phase
• Whats specific heat capacity

  The energy required to raise the temp of a unit mass(1Kg) of a substance by unit temp rise (1K)
• Whats specific latent heat

  The energy required to change state of 1kg of a substance without change in temp
• Whats specific latent heat of fusion vs vaporisation

  Fusion is solid to liquid, vaporisation is liquid to gas
• Experiment for specific heat capacity

  Heater and thermometer submerged in water/metal block surrounded by insulation. C=Energy/mass X change in temp
• Whats the experiment for specific latent heat

  Heater put into ice at top of a funnel with beaker under to collect water. E=IVt then l=E/m
• What does kinetic theory of gas state

  States that gases are large numbers of molecules in random, rapid motion
• How does compressing a gas lead to an increase in temp

  When molecules collide with moving wall it rebounds with a greater speed which increases average Ke which is proprotional to temp
• What conditions does an ideal gas fall under

  1. Large number of molecules in random and rapid motion
  2. Molecules Negligible volume compared to container
  3. Collisions are perfectly elastic
  4. Time of collisions is negligible
  5. Forces between molecules are negligible except during collisions
• What are the characteristics of the maxwell-boltzmann

  1.Area under curves will be equal 2.At higher temps, the distribution peaks at higher speed but lower number of molecules
• What does the maxwell-boltzmann distribution allow us to explain

  Shows why processes happen at any temperature, but are more likely at higher temperatures
• How do you get the potential energy of an idea gas

  NKT=1/3Nmĉ² which simplifies to Ke=3/2kT as potential energy is the total Ke of an ideal gas