ARTA MIDTERM

•     Rhythmical patterns help the eye to move easily from one part of the room to another or from one part of a design to another (Sanchez, et al., 2009).
• Principles of Design refer to the visual strategies used by artists, in conjunction with the elements of arts – for expressive purposes (Fichner-Rathus, 2008).
• Harmony in visual design means all parts of the visual image relate to and complement each other.
• Harmony is one of the most important aspects when it comes to principles of art
• Harmony is the visually satisfying effect of combining similar or related elements.
• Rhythm is often the use of regular, evenly distributed elements – they could occur in slow, fast, smooth or jerky intervals, and this tells you something about the feelings invoked.
• Regular Repetition

  • The easiest and most precise way to create rhythm.
  • A means of creating rhythm in which elements of a composition are duplicated at orderly or fixed intervals.
  • was a core property of Minimalist artists, of which Flavin was one.
• Donald Judd’s sculpture in particular was based on the repetition of simple geometric shapes mounted on walls or set on the floor in a steady, evenly spaced pattern.
• Minimalism.  An abstract art movement begun in the 1960s that emphasizes the use of pure and simple shapes and materials.
• Alternating Rhythm - a type of rhythm in which different elements in a work repeat themselves in predictable order. 
• Progressive Rhythm

  Ø Minor variations in rhythm can add interest to a composition.

  Ø in which the rhythm of elements of a work of art such as shape, texture, or color change slightly as they move, or progress toward a defined point in the composition.   
• Balance

  • is the concept of visual equilibrium, and relates to our physical sense of balance. It is a reconciliation of opposing forces in a composition that results in visual stability.
  •   Most successful compositions achieve balance in one of two ways: symmetrically or asymmetrically.

   
•             In architectural works like the United States Capitol – the house in which the laws of the land are created –  repetition and symmetry can imply rationality and decorum, tying the structure of the building to a  certain symbolic ideal. 
• Symmetrical Balance

  the type of balance in which the elements of a work are balanced by similarity of form or arrangement on either side of a dividing line or plane, or to correspondence of parts, as in size, shape, or position.
• Asymmetrical Balance

  the type of balance in which there are more than slight differences between the divided areas of a work, yet there is an overall sense of balance.
• Emphasis is an extension of these first two principles: it is when contrast, placement, size, color, or other features are used to highlight one object, area, or other elements of the artwork.

  This is used to draw attention – a focal point – or accentuate a feature.
• In art, unity implies harmony. It suggests that the parts of a composition are there by happenstance; rather, they fit together to form a meaningful whole (Fichner-Rathus, 2008).
• Directional lines. Lines that lead the eye to a focal point.
• Variety is a sense of the difference between elements of an artwork – the opposite of unity, or harmony.
• Proportion

  • refers to the relative size and scale of the various elements in a design. The issue is the relationship between objects, or parts, of a whole. This means that it is necessary to discuss proportion in terms of the context or standard used to determine proportions.
• Contrast is the disparity between the elements that figure into the composition
• STONE AGE – Is a term used to describe a period of history when stones were used to make tools for survival
• The term conjures an image of men and women dressed in skin, huddling before a fire in a cave.
• THREE PERIODS OF STONE AGE

  °PALEOLITHIC – the late years of the old Stone Age.

  °MESOLITHIC – Middle Stone Age.

  °NEOLITHIC - New Stone Age.
• The Stone Age has witnessed how humans were able to lead more stable lives and eventually come up with permanent shelters and tools for survival.
• Paleolithic Art is a product of climate change. As the climate got colder, part of the early humans’ instinct is to look for shelters that would provide them will warmth.
• Caves became protective havens for the early humans and these caves paved the way for the birth of their first attempt to create art.
• Halls Of Bulls- Found in the cave in Lascauz, France
• The “Venus of Willendorf.” This figure is a highly abstracted woman

  From highlighted body parts associated with fertility.
• The Egyptian civilization can be divided into three periods:

  Old

  Middle

  and New Kingdom
• Looking at the three periods, it can be noticed that for the Egyptians, art should be something religious and spiritual.
• NARMER PALETTE- The palette was also a symbol that commemorates the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt.
• The Great Pyramid Of Giza

  • During the old Kingdom, one of the Architectural wonders was also constructed.
  • It was served as tombs since their main purpose was to provide a resting place for the pharaohs.
• Naturalism was not only used to depict the pharaoh but also was used for members of the royal family.
• The bust of Queen Nefertiti has a long and sensuous neck.
• King Tutankhamen

  • He became king at a very young age and died at the age of eighteen.
  • Howard Carter discovered his tomb in 1922.
  • They were astonished to find gold artworks and that

  the coffin was made out of solid gold.

  • The body of the young king was eredred in linen and a gold mask covered his face.
• Greek and Romans Civilizations where also known as Classical World because both cultures aimed to embody, the highest possible standard of quality in all aspects of their societies.
• Greeks were notably passionate about natural phenomenon and believed that nature should be in perfect order.
• Geometric  Period

  •Time when Greece starting to get back from the onslaught of what seemed to be their Dark Ages

  •A period when geometric shapes and patterns have taken spotlight in most of the artworks.
• Archaic  Period

  •The period placed importance on human figure.

  •This was primarily a result of Greece’s trading activities with other civilizations