Treaty of Versailles

• When did the peace conference at Versailles begin

  January 1919
• Who were the leaders together with their countries that were called the big three

  George Clemenceau - France

  Lloyd George - Britain

  Woodrow Wilson - usa
• Three specific points which the french leader wanted out of the treaty

  Punish and weaken Germany as Germany invaded France twice in 50 years

  Return of Alsace Lorraine to france

  Very Hugh reparations to pay for destruction caused by Germany
• Three points which the usa wanted out of the treaty

  Nations should be allowed to decide their own future. A fair and lasting peace to prevent Germany from seeking revenge. International cooperation to settle disputes peacefully in the future through the legue of nations.
• Three points which Britain wanted out of the treaty

  A share of germanys colonies. The destruction of germanys felt. Germany string enough to stand up to the plead of communism.
• Who was blamed for starting the war. What article is this stated

  Germany. Article 231 - war guilt clause
• What happed to Germany becase of the war guilt clause

  Germany had to hand over the allies most of its merchant shipping fleet, railway locomotives and rolling stock, patents and overseas investments.
• What was the name of the fineses Germany had to pay for all the damage the war caused. How much and when?

  Reparations. Final amount decided in 1921 - 6,000million.
• 3 ways germanies armed forced were weakened

  No submarines. 6 battleships. Navy limited to 15000 men.
• Germany lost a lot of land as part of the treaty - give examples.

  Alsace Lorraine returned to France

  Memel was taken by Lithuania
• What resourced did Germany lose due to loss of territory

  Lost 75% of its iron ore. 26% of its coal.
• What happened to the Saarland

  Placed under the control of the League of Nations for 15 years so that coal would be supplied to France, Belgium and Italy as part of the reparations payment
• What happened to Wilson's dream of a League of Nations


  It was set up but usa didnt join as they returned to isolationism
• What was said about the relationship between Germany and Austria

  Anschluss was forbidden
• What did Clemenceau think of the final amount of reparations

  It was too low
• What is a plebiscite?

  A vote by the people of a place to decide which country they want to be in.
• What did Wilson like about the terms of the treaty

  The League of Nations. People could decide their future through self determination.
• What did Clemenceau and Wilson clash over.

  Disagreed over what to do with the Rhineland and coalfields in the Saar.
• Why did Clemenceau and Lloyd George clash over

  Britain were happy to treat Germany fair in Europe when Britain were less under threat, but wanted Germany to get rid of their navy when they were under threat.
• Why did Wilson and Lloyd George not always agree

  Lloyd George was unhappy that in point 2 of 14 points it allowed all nations access to the seas.
• 3 reasons why Wilson was disappointed by the treaty

  Few of his 14 points made it into the treaty.

  Only the defeated powers would disarm. The us senate refused to join the League of Nations.
• 2 reason why Britain was unhappy with the treaty

  Thought it was too harsh. Though League of Nations wouldn't work.
• Lloyd George quote


  "We will have to fight another war in 25 years time at 3x the cost"
• What was the reaction of Germanys people

  Horror and disbelief
• Main objections that Germany had to the treaty

  National self determination was denied to millions of Germans. Reparations were a major cause of anger.
• Were German complaints justified


  Wilsons 14 points made it clear Alsace Lorraine would be returned to France
• Why did Germans feel they were being punished twice over

  They had to pay reparations but they were deprived of the resources which they needed to pay them
• The treaty was called a diktat by the Germans. What does this mean


  A dictated peace.
• The German leaders who had signed up to the treaty of Versailles were called what> what were they accused of having done to Germany


  The November criminals. Stabbed Germany in the back
• What was the treaty of Brest-Litovsk


  The treaty the Germanys made the Russians after they withdrew from WW1
• When was this treaty signed by the Russians?

  March 1918
• What amount of Russian land was lost to Germany

  27%of its farmland and 1 million square miles of former territory
• How much of russias population was lost by this treaty

  55million people. 1/3rd
• How much coal did Russia lose

  75%
• What reparation were Russia made to may

  300million gold roubles