module 2

• Intellectual Revolution


  Period of paradigm shifts or changes in scientific beliefs that have been widely embraced and accepted by the people
• Intellectual Revolutions

  • They transform and mold societies and beliefs
• Copernican Revolution


  1. Questioning what created days and night

  2. Understanding heavenly bodies like stars, moons, and planets

  3. Invention of telescope

  4. Explaining movements of heavenly bodies and their effects on the world
• Geocentrism/Geocentric model

  Earth is the center of the universe
• Heliocentrism/Heliocentric theory

  Sun is the center of the universe, planets revolve around the sun

  
• Heliocentrism contradicting religious beliefs


  Eventually accepted after other astronomers' works supported the model during the Scientific Revolution
• Evolution


  The process of change in all forms of life over generations
• Evolutionary biology


  The study of how evolution occurs
• Theory of evolution by natural selection

  Organisms adapt to their environment and gradually change over time as a result of changes in heritable physical or behavioral traits that would be more competitive to survive (survival of the fittest)
• Theory of evolution by natural selection


  Became controversial as it was perceived to be contradictory to the church's teachings
• Psychoanalysis

  The study that explains human behavior
• Freud's personality theory

  Personality is a product of three conflicting elements: id, ego and superego
• Id


  The most basic part of the personality, wants instant gratification for our wants and needs
• Ego


  Deals with reality, tries to meet the desires of the id in a socially acceptable way
• Superego


  Develops last, based on morals and judgments about right and wrong
• Intellectual ideas were controversial
• People accepted new discoveries despite being contradictory to what was widely accepted at the time
• Intellectual revolutions transform societies