UCSP LA6

• State institution

  An organization or entity that is established and operated by the government of a country
• Functions of state institutions

  • Carrying out various functions
  • Providing services crucial for the functioning and governance of a society
• Purpose of state institutions


  Serve the public interest by implementing policies, laws, and regulations, and by providing essential services and infrastructure
• State institutions have the authority to enforce laws, regulate specific sectors, administer public programs, and maintain public order and security
• Government


  The system of governance and the institutions that exercise political authority, administer public affairs, and provide public services in the country
• Branches of the Philippine government

  • Executive
  • Legislative
  • Judicial
• Nonstate institutions

  Actors who are largely or completely autonomous from the state, emanating from civil society, market economy, or political opportunities
• Commercial banks

  Concerned with managing withdrawals and receiving deposits as well as supplying short-term loans to individuals and small businesses
• Investment banks

  Focus on providing corporate clients with services such as financial intermediation, underwriting, and assisting with mergers and acquisitions
• Central banks


  Chiefly responsible for currency stability, controlling inflation and monetary policy, and overseeing money supply
• Corporations


  A legal entity that is separate and distinct from its owners, with most of the rights and responsibilities that individuals possess
• Philippine companies in Forbes 2022 Global 2000 list


  • SM Investments
  • BDO Unibank
  • Top Frontier Investment Holdings
  • Ayala Corporation
  • Metropolitan Bank and Trust

  
• Cooperatives


  A duly registered association of persons with a common bond of interest, who have voluntarily joined together to achieve a lawful common social or economic end
• Labor unions


  An organization that represents the collective interests of workers, helping them negotiate with employers over wages, hours, benefits, and other working conditions
• Advocacy groups


  Organizations whose members share a common political, economic, or social interest and try to advance those interests through the political process
• Transnational advocacy groups


  • Amnesty International
  • Greenpeace Philippines
  • World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF)
  • International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)
  • World Vision
  • Oxfam
• Development agencies


  Organizations dedicated to distributing aid, including humanitarian (emergency relief) and development aid (foreign aid)
• Development aid agencies in the Philippines

  • United States Agency for International Development (USAID)
  • Australian Aid
  • Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)
• Intergovernmental organizations


  Entities created by treaty, involving two or more nations, to work in good faith on issues of common interest
• Intergovernmental organizations

  • United Nations
  • Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
  • European Union (EU)
• Education


  The process of transmitting the belief, knowledge and skills from one generation to the next
• Functions of education


  • Manifest functions: Socialization, Transmission of culture and skill, Enforcement of social control
  • Latent functions: Expansion of one's circle, Capacitive building skills development
• Women have always been at a disadvantage when it comes to educational opportunities because of gender stereotypes, sexual harassment, and underrepresentation of women in administrative positions
• Education and globalization


  Worldwide discussions, processes, and institutions affecting local educational practices and policies, including increasing privatization, marketization, and universities becoming competitive in marketing their programs
• Managerialism


  Application of corporate logic and culture to education, challenging the traditional role or definition of universities
• According to the United Nations Universal Declaration Of Human Rights, everyone has the right to education
• In the Philippines, primary education is a right, as highlighted in Article XIV of the 1987 Philippine Constitution
• Legislative Branch


  Responsible for making laws. Bicameral, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate. The House of Representatives has 292 members who are elected for a three-year term, while the Senate has 24 members who are elected for a six-year term.
• Executive Branch


  Responsible for implementing and enforcing laws. Headed by the President, who serves as the chief executive officer and the commander-in-chief of the armed forces. The President also appoints the heads of various departments and agencies.
• Judicial Branch

  Responsible for interpreting and applying the law. Headed by the Supreme Court, which is the highest court in the Philippines. The Supreme Court has 15 justices, including the Chief Justice, who are appointed by the President and confirmed by the Commission on Appointments.